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Post by kingsleybray on Mar 22, 2010 13:05:27 GMT -5
I have some information that may help to clarify some of these issues. The Washington NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER for January 7, 1852 has a report on the "final interview of the PRAIRIE INDIANS now in the city with the PRESIDENT". It identifies the delegation's two interpreters accompanying Upper Platte Indian Agent Thomas Fitzpatrick as "MR. JAMES [sic, John] S. SMITH, for the Arrapahoes and Cheyennes, and MR. JOSEPH TESSON HONORE for the Sioux and Ottoes."
The delegates are listed:
"There are three Arrapahoes.-Nea Netha, or Eagle-head; Nakoubatha, the Storm; Oi Narka, the White Crow. Three Cheyennes.-Voki Vokomast, White Antelope; Kai Veonnave, Little Chief; Voi Vatosh, he who moves on the cloud. Five Sioux.-Haiwan Sitsa, one Horn; Wambalupe Luta, the Red Plume; Ponkesko Wechasa, the man made of Shells; Echakaha Keekta, the Wary Elk; and Mahga, or the Corn Nubbin. The male Ottoes are two.-Wahdoshmanye, the faithful Partisan; Wahchaicheekeree, the Partisan that killed his enemy on his return. The two male Iowas are - Lowwayee, Little Beaver, and Wohchitchie, the Hunter. There are three Otto women , squaws or wives of some of the foregoing. Their names are: Pahtookekrehmee, the Cedar Tree; Enokopee, the Wife, and Howepee, Good Day. There is an Iowa woman, who glories in the euphonious and poetic designation of Mahwemee, the Budding Leaf."
Remarks on the "alleged inequality of rank of Mahga, who belongs to the Seosapa or Blackfeet band of the Sioux, and who had furnished no evidence of his being accredited by his band, beyond his own testimony".
Speeches were made by Wahdoshomanye (Oto); Nacoubatha, The Storm (Arapaho), Wambalupe Luta, Red Plume (Sioux), and Voki Vokomast , White Antelope (Cheyenne). Red Plume made a pointed reference to the unaccredited status of Maga, the Sihasapa (Blackfoot Sioux) delegate, saying "that he [i.e. Red Plume] did not come here of his own accord. (This was probably a hit at poor Mahga.) He was invited here." Each delegate was then presented with a Presidential medal by Agent Fitzpatrick, and President Fillmore further stated that each would be presented with an American flag. The delegation was then expected to leave for the West later the same week.
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Post by kingsleybray on Mar 10, 2010 7:32:41 GMT -5
Just examining the new 1875 Cheyenne R. delegation photo, and I see what looks like a rawhide horse effigy cutout hanging from Spotted Elk's neck. And is Lone Horn holding a pipe, stem pointing upward, with pipe bag hanging between his knees?
The delegation left Cheyenne River on May 1, 1875, travelling up the Missouri on the steamer Nellie Peck as far as Bismarck. They then took the Northern Pacific east to St. Paul, continuing by rail via Chicago to Washington.
That is William Fielder the CR interpreter standing with the group, who also went to DC - cf his photo to the 1875 delegations group shot elsewhere on the boards.
Kingsley
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Post by kingsleybray on Mar 3, 2010 17:22:47 GMT -5
Two Lance was a brother of Whistler, the Kiyaksa band chief killed by white hide hunters in November 1872.
There is a document in the Red Cloud Agency files from Henry E. Alvord to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, dated June 25, 1873, reporting Alvord's investigation into the circumstances of Whistler's killing. At the end of the report Alvord appends a "List of near relatives of 'Whistler' and comrades.
" ' Whistler's' true name was 'Little Bull.'
His son: - 'Bird's Head.' His nephews: - 'Iron Horse,' 'Blue War Club,' 'Bull Robe' and 'Bear-in-the-Woods.' "Also five (5) women - no names given. "Whistler's nephew killed at same time was adopted & of the Gros Ventre tribe. 'Chief Dog', killed with Whistler was a son of 'Yellow Ear' - deceased. "His brothers: 'The Man Above,' 'The Dog that looks around,' 'The one that does not come to the lodge' and 'Two Lance.' "Also four (4) women - not named. "Two-Lance' is a half brother only, same father, different mothers."
William Blackmore's diary for October 1874 (held in the Historical Society of New Mexico) details the Englishman's visit to the Kiyaksa Oglala village on the South Platte. Here are a few relevant quotes. " 'Two Lance' belongs to 'cut off Band' of Ogallalla Sioux/ Successor of 'Whistler'/Good Indian . . . " Speech of Two Lance interpreted by Leon Palladay: "I had a brother, a young uncle and a nephew - all got killed." He is referring to the murder of the Whistler party two years earlier, his brother being Whistler.
"Names of principal chiefs [in the village]
Two Lance Fire Lightning - head of strong heart band Cottonwood Tree - Cut off band Tall Bear - Fox band Two Crows - Brother called Pretty Bear - Went to Washington [in 1872, portrait by Alex. Gardner] High Bear (Washington) The Wolf that Lies Down Crooked (Fox band)
"Tall Bear Chief of the Soldiers / Brother of Two Lance / son about 11 years old, called 'the brave boy'. Young gentleman had his bottom smacked in the mission / Son about 18 - called after his father 'Two Lance' . . . " "Tall Bear's exploits as a young brave -/ inserted in old copy book" [nb this book was obtained by Blackmore and today is in the British Museum].
I'm a little unsure about the distinction between Tall Bear and High Bear. One or the other of them should be the man Ephriam posted about the other day.
In the 1890 Pine Ridge census the Kiyaksa community in Medicine Root Dist. includes Man Above, age given as 47, born ca. 1842/43, also Looks for Horse, Sunk ole, age 41. Could he be the same man as the The Dog that looks around in the Alvord report?
My feeling is that this big family is one of the tiwahe comprising the original or real Kiyaksa.
Kingsley
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Post by kingsleybray on Mar 1, 2010 6:39:40 GMT -5
grahamew - Spotted Elk aka Big Foot was born ca. 1826, just 11 or 12 years after Lone Horn. Spotted Elk we now think was the son of the first One Horn (the man painted by Catlin and kiiled by a buffalo bull in 1835), then taken into the household of his kinsman the younger Lone Horn.
Kingsley
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Post by kingsleybray on Mar 1, 2010 6:12:12 GMT -5
Dietmar, I am about to leave on a business trip (back Wednesday night) - no time to say anything but am delighted and amazed to see this!! Awesome!
Lone Horn Rattling Ribs and Long Mandan I saw straight away, and now I'm 'getting' Spotted Elk and Red Skirt. (I thought the resemblance between Spotted Elk and our friend Calvin Spotted Elk was striking). More later
Kingsley
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Post by kingsleybray on Feb 28, 2010 12:47:04 GMT -5
Wild card, but I wonder if this Two Bears portrait could be one of the Hamilton photographs from the 1865 Ft Sully councils - see the Charles L. Hamilton, Photographist thread that I started yesterday. Two Bears is clearly some years younger than the 1872 Gardner portraits. There was a big Missouri River Sioux delegation to Washington in early 1867, that could be another context for such a portrait, but Zeno Schindler did a big set of portraits of that delegation. This doesn't look one of those - the rough and ready background is very different.
Ideas?
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Post by kingsleybray on Feb 27, 2010 5:34:01 GMT -5
Ephriam has posted background information about Hamilton's photographic activities at Ft Randall and Sioux City in the 1860s and 70s - see the Photographers area of American-tribes. Today in reading the accounts of the treaties held at Ft Sully with the Lakotas in October 1865, printed in
South Dakota State Historical Society, Report and Historical Collections, Vol. IX (1918)
I found at
p. 463
the following transcript from a contemporary newspaper report:
[dateline] "Fort Randall, D. T., Nov. 6, 1865.
Mr. C. L. Hamilton, photographist, is here from Fort Sully, where he has been engaged in securing pictures of the Indian Chiefs who have signed treaties of peace and those who declined so doing, copies of which -will be forwarded to Washington."
As far as I know these photos have never seen the light of day. Where could they be? In Washington, as the item indicates? Surely Hamilton kept his own originals? In someone's trunk?
If they are somewhere extant these would be historic early portraits of some of the most important Teton and Yanktonai leaders of the day. Lone Horn, Lame Deer, Crow Feather, Running Antelope, Grass, Two Bears, Big Head, Black Catfish, and scores more were present at the councils.
This may be one for the long haul, but any ideas?
Kingsley
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Post by kingsleybray on Feb 21, 2010 6:21:58 GMT -5
I've made a start with transcriptions of the Kiowa names on Mooney's diagram of the 1867 tribal camp circle.
Note the total tribal population of 238 lodges, equivalent to about 14-1500 people. The bands break down as KATA 40 lodges KOGUI 50 lodges KAIGWU 35 lodges KINEP 57 lodges SEMAT (Kiowa Apache) 46 lodges KONTALYUI 10 lodges
The first band in the circle is the KATA, literally Eater or Biter, figuratively meaning Arikara - so reflecting early Kiowa-Arikara trade contacts in the 18th-early 19th centuries.
The translations and identifications are taken from the glossary in Mooney's CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA INDIANS, page numbers identified as M412 etc. At this stage I haven't taken the analysis further than that. Note how some lodges are not identified. This will be especially true of the KAIGWU band.
KATA band:
Lodge No. 1. Dohasan (ii) - the son of the head chief who died in 1866 M401 2 Dohasan (iii) - the nephew of " " " " " M401 3. Taoikia (i) 4. Tai-kiati 5. -- [no owner given] 6. Set-emaa Bear Lying Down M421 7. Aantadalti 8. -- 9. Guadaldogta ?Red Oak M399, 403 10. -- 11. Hotoiya 12. Guipago, Lone Wolf M404. 13. Apen-guadal, Red Otter, Lone Wolf's brother M395 14. -- 15. Kyun-taiti ? White Shield M414, 423 16. -- 17. Tene-taidi, Bird Chief M425 18. -- 19. Guato-konkta ?Black Bird M404 20. Takai-bodal, Spoiled Saddle Blanket M423 21. -- 22. Zepko-eeta, Big Bow M430, famous war leader 23. -- 24. -- 25. Tene-daiti, Bird -? M425 26. -- 27. -- 28. Taoikia (ii) 29. -- 30. -- 31. Konhapti 32. -- 33. Pai-tal iyi 34. -- 35. -- 36. -- 37. Tebodal, complex translation see M424 38. -- 39. -- 40. Pansahe
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Post by kingsleybray on Feb 20, 2010 11:33:48 GMT -5
Thnaks everyone and especially to buffaloman for uploading the image from 'The Great Chiefs'. Jeroen I think you got the bands mixed up - if you look at the diagram above you will see that Lone Wolf is listed under his Kiowa name GUIPAGO in the Kata (Eater, or Arikara/Ree) band, not the Kogui band. His is the tipi numbered no. 12 in the circle. The Dohasan family was also part of the Kata band, lived in the first tipis next to the camp entrance. Dietmar, we need to compare the names on the diagram with Mooney's Calendar History. I'm sure it would yield a lot of identity matches. I guess if we could examine Mooney's original papers there would be extensive id's and notes on the names. Anyway, if you look at the last lodge in the circle, the one flanking the north side of the entrance you will see it is the medicine man MAMANTI. So he belonged to the Kontalyui band. Kicking Bird under his Kiowa name TENE AN'GOPTE, is in the Kogui (Elk) band, just a few tipis round from Satanta, who has the first tipi in the Kogui segment. Any Kiowa folks out there who want to help ? Kingsley
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Post by kingsleybray on Feb 19, 2010 11:06:31 GMT -5
I was reading Jeroen's posting today on the 1863 Southern Plains Delegation photos, in particular his identifying Lone Wolf and Yellow Buffalo Bull as part of the Kogui band of Kiowas. As many of you will know James Mooney in preparing his CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA obtained information on the Kiowa bands, and their position in the tribal camp-circle. In his papers Mooney had a detailed diagram of the circle which identified the bands, and the names of many of the individual family heads (in Kiowa only). The diagram is illustrated in one of the TIME-LIFE Old West series from the 1970s (either THE INDIANS or THE GREAT CHIEFS - I don't have a copy). Could we get it on the site, then start a dialogue on translating the Kiowa names? Kingsley
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Post by kingsleybray on Feb 18, 2010 12:42:39 GMT -5
Thanks for the update, Brock. I rechecked my information and I need to add as you said, a daughter by Stiff Leg named Plenty Clothes.
My information has come via Carl Dupree, Leonard Little Finger at Pine Ridge, and Lucille Runs After in Rapid City, who is the granddaughter of Two White Cows, Lone Horn's youngest daughter.
If we assume for the sake of argument that Stands on Ground (Little Old Woman), Lone Horn's senior wife, was about 20 when she married him, say a year or so before the birth of Touch the Clouds, then we have a ballpark birth year of about 1818. (Lone Horn himself stated at the Ft Laramie treaty council in 1868 that he was then 53 years old, so born about 1814 or 1815.) She would then have been 44 in 1862, the year she gave birth to Two White Cows.
James R. Walker, the physician at Pine Ridge around 1900, who wrote the classic paper on the Oglala Sun Dance, did another paper on birth statistics obtained by interviewing his female patients. Averageing out his stats he found that most married women who survived continued to have children into their mid-40s, so Stands on Ground's case was not too unusual. She was the senior wife in age, so the fact she bore his eldest as well as his youngest surviving children suggests to me that she was also Lone Horn's real favourite as companion. Kind of a nice insight into family life I thought.
On the first Crazy Horse DVD it was mentioned that Stands on Ground and her sisters were related to the Red Leaf family. This should mean they came from the most prominent family within the Wazhazha band of Sichangu (Rosebud Brules). Do Doug and his family have any more information on the family background that Stands and her sisters came from? Many thanks
Kingsley
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Post by kingsleybray on Feb 17, 2010 17:31:00 GMT -5
Thanks, Brock for the information. Here is what I have on Touch the Clouds - his siblings and children. It fits pretty well with yours, but you have clarified one or two of the ambiguities.
Lone Horn had at least six children surviving to adulthood by his three main wives. In likely order of birth, they were:
• Touch the Clouds born 1836-37 mother: Stands on Ground • Her Iron Cane born ca. 1840-45 mother: Stiff Leg • Four Horses born ca. 1845-50 mother: Wind • Talks About Him born 1851/52 mother: Stiff Leg • Standing Elk born 1855 mother: Stands on Ground • Two White Cows born 1862 mother: Stands on Ground
Touch the Clouds’ Children
Touch the Clouds’ family: he was born between 1836 and 1839, and he married at ca. 1860 a woman called variously Light Woman, Womanly, or simply Woman, born 1837-38. Their eldest child, born 1861, was Charging First, later christened Amos, and nicknamed Tiyopte, Across the Lodge. He also bore his grandfather’s name Lone Horn. Amos died in the late 1930s. Touch the Clouds’ other children seem to have been all girls. The 1886 Cheyenne River census lists three daughters of Touch the Clouds: • Warrior age 17 born 1869 • Nellie age 16 born 1870 • Mary age 11 born 1875
The 1891 census lists seemingly another daughter • Chief Woman age 17 born 1874 Perhaps this is Jenny Touch the Clouds, noted in the family genealogy. The genealogy lists four daughters, of whom only one can be explicitly identified with one of the census names above – Warrior or Mrs Hatchet Looks Around. Besides Jenny, the others listed in the genealogy are Mrs Francis In the Hole, and Wood Pecker.
Your information, Brock, shows that Mrs Francis in the Hole and Important Woman are one and the same. Wood Pecker may be another name for the daughter who Doug named as Beats Her With A Stick. I confess to some confusion about the daughters named in 1886 as Warrior and Nellie. Presumably one of them is Doug's Ellen Warrior Woman.
The 1891 census also lists a ‘son’, otherwise unknown: • Edward Porter age 20 born 1871 With the notation that he was then enrolled at the off-reservation Santee Boarding School.
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Post by kingsleybray on Feb 8, 2010 18:00:10 GMT -5
The Indian named John: on July 8 1872 he was one of six "Chiefs and Headmen of Brule and Ogallalla bands" at Whetstone or White Clay Agency (nr modern Whitney Nebraska, 6ms east of Crawford), signatory to a claim for some horses stolen by white men in March 1868 btw Ft Laramie and Cheyenne.
The signatories all clearly belonged to the Corn-Loafer bands at the agency, viz. Swift Bear Thigh John Blue Tomahawk Yellow Hair Cook
In the lodge tally used for rationing winter 1873-74 at the Brule agency (now moved to the mouth of Beaver Creek northeast of modern Chadron NE), John is listed as among the Brules, credited with 21 lodges. In the Spotted Tail Agency censuses for June and December 1877 he is listed as a family head in the Loafer Band (combined Corn-Loafer camps).
Dietmar could you post what you have on Flatnose John, also the Cross portrait?
Fast Bear looks to be older than the FB in another Gardner 1868 portrait with Spotted Tail. Could this be his father? The robe he wears is interesting, the style of quilled decoration is usually associated with women.
Kingsley
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Post by kingsleybray on Feb 7, 2010 11:53:13 GMT -5
The catalogue SITING BULL UND SEINE WELT (Sitting Bull and His World) has now been published by the Museum fur Volkerkunde in Vienna, Austria, accompanying the exhibition of that name. The exhibition opened in Bremen late in 2008, before moving on to Finland, and to Vienna in December 2009.
The catalogue has been edited by world-renowned scholar Christian Feest and is lavishly illustrated in colour and black-and-white with photographs and artefacts, many not widely known. European and American scholars have contributed, including Christian himself, Peter Bolz, Candace Greene, and two essays by myself. All text is German.
Even if you don't read German, the book is a must for the illustrative content and the sheer beauty of the artefact - entirely worthy of its great subject.
Kingsley Bray
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Post by kingsleybray on Jan 29, 2010 11:36:22 GMT -5
There was a Black Hawk family among the Oglala. There was an important band chief of this name throughout the generation or so after 1850. A younger man of the same name later was active, one of several important brothers including the two Yellow Bears - the first was killed by John Richard Jr in 1872, the younger became the chief of the Tapislecha band. The band name means 'Spleen', or literally 'Split Liver'.
John Colhoff the Pine Ridge interpreter told my late friend Joe Balmer that an Oglala called Black Hawk travelled with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show in the 1880s. He said that this man died in Barcelona, Spain. I shall dig out the full reference.
Kingsley
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