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Red Dog
Nov 12, 2020 9:49:37 GMT -5
Post by gregor on Nov 12, 2020 9:49:37 GMT -5
Hi everyone, maybe we can reopen the discussion on Red Dog. There are still some uncertainties about Red Dog for me. When was he born? In or around 1830? Or earlier? There are also statements that he married in the late 1830s. Or that he was the chief dancer in the 1842 Sun Dance. As a child?
In the 1890 Pine Ridge Census we find Red Dog's son Arrow Wound (1862 - after 1890) and "his mother Slow, Hunkesni win (76 years old)", that is, born in the period 1814 - 1816. Is this Red Dogs widow? Or maybe his mother?
Red Dog's oldest known child was born in 1848, suggesting a marriage in the 1840s. Assuming that Red Dog was a mouthpiece and brother-in-law of Red Cloud, I don't think it's out of the question that Red Dog was also born in the 1820s. Which in turn makes the marriage and participation in the Sun dance in 1842 appear more plausible.
Any suggestions? Thank You!
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Post by gregor on Nov 11, 2020 7:17:59 GMT -5
Hi Californian, I think you are right. There was a Kainai (Blood) chief, who was named "Red Cloud" in Canadian Newspapers (see pix below). Unfortunately I didn't find anything on this "Red Cloud". And I tend to believe that this was a typo or so. There was a famaous Blood Chief called Red Crow. Maybe this was the "Canadian Red Cloud". Maybe some Blood people or specialist for Canadian or Blood History can help.
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Post by gregor on Nov 9, 2020 12:25:34 GMT -5
The following is from "CULTURAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS AT THE LAKE TRAVERSE BOIS DE SIOUX PROJECT, ROBERTS COUNTY. SOUTH DAKOTA, TRAVERSE COUNTY, MINNESOTA" (University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory, Vermillion, South Dakota (September 1984):
" ... Sweet Corn, a Sisseton chief who supposedly earned his name after developing a particularly sweet and succulent variety of corn, had a village, . that included a large garden area, on the northwest shore of - Lake Traverse, north of Jim Creek near the present-day Kaufman Resort [?]. A dugout, located on a hilltop west of the village, was used as a lookout post for detecting approaching Chippewa warriors. A ditch connecting the dugout to the village allowed sentries to descend the hillside undetected to warn the village of approaching enemy warriors. During the Sisseton and Wahpeton claims trials Sweet Corn was accused of participating in the siege of Fort Abercrombie during the Dakota Uprising. Sweet Corn died in 1888 and his grave, marked by a monument, is situated on a hillside overlooking the Kaufman Resort.
Although most of the Sissetons and Wahpetons did not participate in the uprising, they fled from the advancing military force commanded by General Henry H. Sibley and spread out over the plains of Dakota Territory. After following a nomadic life for several years, the majority gradually gathered on the Coteau des Prairies, just west of the Lake Traverse - Big Stone Lake area, near Fort Wadsworth which was established in 1864. Since the Sisseton and Wahpeton had generally remained loyal to the U.S. Government during the uprising, a treaty signed in 1867 established a triangular -shaped reservation between Lake Traverse and Fort Wadsworth for these Dakota bands. The Sisseton Reservation, also known as the Lake Traverse Reservation, encompassing 918,770.58 acres, had its apex at Lake Kampeska, near presentday Watertown, South Dakota, and its base along, but not parallel to, the present North Dakota - South Dakota border. The west shore of Lake Traverse formed a portion of the reservation's eastern boundary. By the 1880's, white settlers were pressuring the government to open the reservation to settlement. The Sisseton Reservation had been intact for 20 years when the Dawes Act became law in 1887. ...."
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Post by gregor on Nov 9, 2020 11:31:39 GMT -5
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Post by gregor on Jul 24, 2020 2:09:02 GMT -5
Hi guys, thank you for your contributions ... but, when I look at the photographs ... is this really always the same person? Or is it possible there were different "Turning Bears" among the Brulés? Toksha Gregor
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Post by gregor on Jul 21, 2020 14:49:00 GMT -5
And this is what I have on Turning Bear:
Lakotas on the Rosebud Remember The Life and Death of Turning Bear
By Claes H. Jacobson
He witnessed the killing of Crazy Horse and led Ghost Dancers.
“Turning Bear, a Sioux Indian aged 66 years, of Rosebud Reservation, met death under the wheels of train No. 3 early Tuesday morning,” the weekly Valentine Democrat reported on Thursday, September 7, 1911. The story didn’t make the national wires. Turning Bear was no Red Cloud, whose death at age 87 two years earlier on the Pine Ridge Reservation made headlines in major newspapers across the country. Still, Turning Bear left many marks in Lakota history, and his life story should be remembered—or perhaps heard for the first time—a century after his death at the Valentine railroad station.
The Rosebud (or Sicangu) Lakota people have not forgotten Turning Bear. They marked his death on the Big Missouri Winter Count buffalo hide, the traditional Lakota way of recording historical tribal events. In the early 1920s, John Alvin Anderson, who had begun taking photographs of the Lakota people on the Rosebud Reservation in the 19th century, captured Sam Kills Two holding a paintbrush and sitting before a copy of this winter count. Labelled “The Maker of Records,” it appears in Anderson’s 1929 book Sioux Memory Gems.
Earlier that decade, on October 27, 1921, a newspaper in Todd County, S.D., printed an article by Rosebud resident George DeCory about Turning Bear (Mato Kawinge in Lakota), written in their native language. It begins:
Lakota Wotanin
Mato kawinge, ehenni Laota hin toka ob kicizapi sa qon hehan ohitika keyapi.
Unfortunately, no English translation was provided. But many archived government records register Turning Bear’s name, position in the tribe and activities. The earliest known mention of him appears in the 1886 Rosebud census; the last comes in 1914. His name also appears in contemporary news accounts, a private diary and several books.
Turning Bear, according to Rosebud censuses, was born around 1848 somewhere out on the prairie. His father, Gassy, who would live until 1906, was a local tribal headman and in that capacity visited Washington and met with the president. With Two Strike, Spotted Tail, Whirlwind Soldier, Swift Bear and about 60 other Lakotas, Turning Bear enlisted in July 1877 as a U.S. Army Indian scout at Camp Sheridan, Neb. That September 5 a soldier mortally wounded the great Oglala Sioux warrior Crazy Horse at the then Camp Robinson (Neb.) guardhouse. When Turning Bear himself died 34 years later, the Valentine Democrat noted: “The death of Turning Bear recalls many events in early Indian history to the mind of early settlers of the Northwest. Turning Bear was with Crazy Horse, the noted Sioux chief, when he met his death at Fort Robinson.”
Two years after his second enlistment period as a scout had ended in June 1878, Turning Bear was accused of horse stealing. In an August 9, 1880, letter to the commissioner of Indian Affairs in Washington, John Cook, Rosebud’s acting Indian agent, wrote: “On or about the 23rd day of July last, six Brule Sioux Indians, named, respectively, Turning Bear, Bear Man, Gray Dog, Bad Thunder, Horned Horses and Two Calf, left this reservation without permission and travelled leisurely toward the Loup in the state of Nebraska. Their object in making this journey was, in their own language, to recover stolen Indian horses. In plain terms, it was a horse-stealing party. They were successful; they stole seven horses used in addition thereto, killed a white man (name unknown) and returned to the agency on the 2nd inst. and boasted of their exploits.”
Indian police at Rosebud arrested Turning Bear and the five other men, but apparently none were convicted of horse stealing or any other crime. Turning Bear’s reputation as a solid citizen remained intact, and on January 1, 1886, new Indian agent James G. Wright appointed him a second lieutenant in the Indian police at a salary of $10 a month. Turning Bear did a good enough job to merit reappointment two years later.
By the end of the decade, Turning Bear had become active in the nonviolent Ghost Dance, which filled many Lakotas with hope but terrified white settlers and Indian agents. In November 1890, troops under Brig. Gen. John R. Brooke arrived. In turn, Turning Bear, Eagle Pipe, Crow Dog, High Hawk and some 1,100 followers left the reservation for the Badlands.
After the massacre at Wounded Knee on December 29, 1890, Turning Bear became a spokesman for the Ghost Dancers in peace councils with Brooke. Turning Bear, Eagle Pipe, High Hawk, Two Strike and Crow Dog were asked to come to Washington, D.C. Agent Wright complained about it in a January 23, 1891, letter to the Indian commissioner. “Turning Bear is not nor ever has been considered a chief or headman,” Wright wrote. “I am informed he has acted as lieutenant to the leaders in the recent trouble. He is a fearless Indian who formerly was employed as a policeman and did good service but was too much influenced by the nonprogressive Indians to be reliable. He is a prominent figure in Omaha dances and is generally profusely decorated with paint and feathers and robed in a blanket.”
Lieutenant Edward Dravo of the 6th Cavalry wrote an article in the May 30, 1893, Army and Navy Journal about meeting Turning Bear at the Rosebud Agency that spring while recruiting Indians for Troop L of the 6th Cavalry—the first Indian unit in the Department of Dakota. Dravo sent the War Department a report about trying to recruit Brulé cavalrymen:
During the enlistment I kept myself as closely “in touch” with the Indians as possible and attended the three “Omaha dances” given by Sky Bull and Big Turkey’s camp during my stay at the agency.
Among the headmen of these camps is Turning Bear, who was a chief of the dog soldiers of the Brulés in the Badlands during the last outbreak. His brother is enlisted in the troop, and he tried to have his oldest son, a boy of 16, enlisted, but he failed to pass. Turning Bear afterward expressed great regret to me about his failure and hoped that when he got older and stronger he would have another chance. Turning Bear also came to me and asked me to promise him that if ever the troop was to go on dangerous service near where he was, I should let him know so that he could go with them.
Turning Bear’s son, Ottomar Turning Bear, got that second chance on February 13, 1893, when at age 17 he enlisted at Fort Niobrara as a trumpeter in Troop L. Certifying that he was the boy’s father, Turning Bear placed his X mark on the enlistment form. Another of Turning Bear’s sons, David, would enlist on June 24, 1918, as a private in the 351st Infantry, though by then his father had been dead for seven years. David served in northern France, dying of pneumonia at an Army hospital on October 10, 1918.
After that mention in the 1893 Army and Navy Journal, Turning Bear’s name did not appear in any written accounts until his death. The Valentine Democrat wasn’t the only newspaper to note the September 1911 train accident that killed the respected Lakota leader. “Turning Bear, a Rosebud Sioux Indian, was struck [by] the westbound passenger train at 1:30 o’clock Tuesday morning,” reported The Republican, also of Valentine. “He and his family were at the depot expecting to meet a friend. As No. 3 passenger train approached the depot from the east, Turning Bear attempted to join his family by crossing in front of the engine. It is believed that when he saw the train approaching, he became bewildered and did not realize the danger or the risk he was taking. Turning Bear was recognized as one of the best Indians on the reservation and never indulged in intoxicating drinks. Valentine citizens regret the accident and sympathize with his family and other relatives.”
Father Florentine Digmann, a Jesuit on the Rosebud Reservation, wrote in a September 5, 1911, diary entry: “Last night Turning Bear was overrun by a passenger train on the Valentine depot. Buried on the 7th. His family offered Holy Communion for his soul. Had been to the Sacraments not long ago.”
But Turning Bear is best remembered in pictures. Anderson photographed him several times and bought a tomahawk pipe from him in 1886.
Originally published in the April 2011 issue of Wild West.
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Post by gregor on Jul 21, 2020 14:46:40 GMT -5
Here another pic of Turning Bear by John Anderson about 1900
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Post by gregor on Jun 4, 2020 11:41:40 GMT -5
The source for Maggie No Fat being Shell Man's daughter is „George Catlin: Painter of Indians of the West“ by John C. Ewers. In 1947, the ethnologist John C. Ewers visited Pine Ridge. To his surprise, Ewers found a copy of Catlin's Shell Man at his informant Maggie No Fat's house. Maggie claimed to be Shell Man's daughter. The photo was made by John C. Ewers in 1947 (Maggie with a photograph of Catlin's picture of her father).
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Post by gregor on May 20, 2020 9:57:00 GMT -5
There are conflicting dates with regard to the execution day of Two Face: According to „Massacre Along the Medicine Road: A Social History of the Indian War of 1864“ by Ronald Becher Two Face appeard with Mrs. Eubanks at the Fort on May 18th. Colonel Thomas Moonlight and Lieutenant Colonel William Baumer listened to Mrs. Eubanks report and ordered the detention of Two Face and Blackfoot. On May 24th Two Face and Blackfoot were hanged.
And according to „Fort Laramie: Military Bastion of the High Plains, by Douglas C. McChristian, Two Face appeard with Mrs. Eubanks at the Fort on May 15th. On May 26th Two Face and Blackfoot were hanged.
Regardless, Moonlight or Baumer must have had contact with their commanding officer Brigadier General Patrick E. Connor in Denver before the execution. Connor, commander of the District of the Plains, initially approved the execution of Two Face and Blackfoot as Moonlight had proposed. Then Connor reportedly changed his mind.
Connor telegraphed the fort: „COLONEL, I WAS A LITTLE HASTY. BRING THEM TO JULESBURG AND GIVE THE WRETCHES A TRIAL.“ The reply came from the secondranking officer at Fort Laramie, Lt. Col. William Baumer, not Colonel Moonlight: „DEAR GENERAL, I OBEYED YOUR FIRST ORDER BEFORE I RECEIVED THE SECOND.“
Unfortunately I can’t find the source for the telgrams in my papers.
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Post by gregor on May 13, 2020 10:25:38 GMT -5
Ted, yes, you are right Hamilton lists a Foto "Crazy Horse" (104) in his catalog. To date, however, I have not seen a Hamilton Stereo wearing the number 104 and showing a person "Crazy Horse". It is known that there is a photo of the Crazy Horse grave. I know the picture, but I cannot assign it to Hamilton or one of his brothers. And finally, we have to consider that the name Crazy Horse / Tashunka Witko - just like Sitting Bull - was not a unique name among the Lakota. If you go through the census lists, you will always find people with these names.
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Post by gregor on May 11, 2020 3:50:20 GMT -5
"Views from the Reservation", first published in 2010. John Willis now presents an updated and expanded edition. "Views from the Reservation" remains a gift meant to open the minds, eyes, and hearts of outsiders to the life, culture, and conditions of the Oglala Lakota.
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Post by gregor on May 11, 2020 3:37:50 GMT -5
Hi Dietmar interesting letter. The Buffalo Bill Center gives this transcription (as you will know :-) ) [Letterhead for]Department of Interior Sioux Commission Pine Ridge Agency, June 28, 1889 To Whom it may concern: The bearer under the name of Walking Woman was given a paper by Gen. ?? in 1868 which was renewed by Senator Allison in 1876. She is the daughter of High Wolf a Cheyenne Chief and deserves kind treatment from all white men. George Crook [signed] Major General U.S.A. Fort Robinson, Aug. 31st 1889 The bearer wishes to transfer this paper to her son in order that he may get any benefit which the above paper would give him. George Crook [signed] Maj. Gen. U.S.A. I think the missing Name of the "General ??" is Harney.
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Post by gregor on May 1, 2020 5:27:44 GMT -5
The Astonisher website says Long Soldier was the father of Little Soldier, a stepson of Sitting Bull (mother Four-Robes-Woman) www.astonisher.com/archives/museum/little_soldier_big_horn.htmlWhat is to be made of it? Or were there different people named Long Soldier/Akicita Hanska on Standing Rock Rez? Maybe our friends from Standing Rock can help?
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Post by gregor on Apr 29, 2020 9:28:58 GMT -5
According to my files Young Skunk was a son of No Water (don't know the source).
In 1891 Young Skunk was involved in a lawsuit over the killing of herder Henry "Ike" Miller. On February 1891 he was arrested - together with Plenty Horses (Casey's Killer) - and transferred to Fort Meade and charged with murder. Later it turned out that he was innocent and Skunk was acquitted. There were rumors that a Brulé was the real killer.
Henry Young Skunk was one of the informants of Reverend Eugene Buechel, S.J.
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