1867 Sisseton and Wahpeton Treaty Delegation Photo

[rschliesman]

Hello,

I'm a new member to the group and am searching for an 1867 Sisseton and Wahpeton Treaty Delegation photo. I would appreciate any leads. I'm wondering if was misfiled because many tribal delegations were in DC at the same time the Sisseton and Wahpeton treaty was negotiated. Another possibility is that the treaty-signing photo doesn't exist because before the delegation returned home, one of the delegation Kangiduta died under suspicious circumstances.

Many thanks in advance.

[Dietmar]

Welcome rschliesman,

do you mean the 1858 delegation pictures?

[rschliesman]

Thank you, I've seen several 1858 delegation images. But I am in search of a photo when the Sisseton and Wahpeton negotiated for the Lake Traverse Indian Reservation in 1867. The treaty was signed on February 19 but the senate amended and struck out many of the provisions in April. The treaty was proclaimed on May 2, 1867.

[Dietmar]

Okay, then you´re probably looking for this picture:

[cinye78]

Dietmar: thank you so much for this photo. Historians have been looking for this for a long time. Please post the location and photo number. (I thought i posted this but I see I forgot to push the "post quick reply" button)
The scout-delegate: front row second on left is Kangiduta (Scarlet Raven) who was murdered shortly after this photo was taken in Washington, D.C. and is buried in the Congressional Cemetery.
Cinye78 Louie Garcia

[Dietmar]

Louie,

the photo can be found at the Smithsonian: BAE GN 03484B/Broken Negative File 06677100, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

The British Museum also got the picture plus a photo of the same group in a different order.

More later...

[Dietmar]

This is the second group of the 1867 Santee delegation:


standing, left to right: Reverend Samuel D. Hinman, Scarlet All Over
sitting: Husasa (Red Legs), Wabasha (Red Ensign), Wakute (The Shooter), Cotankainape (Flute Player)


and my identifications of the first group:


standing, left to right: Black Lightning, unknown, His Iron Horse (His Man Horse), Reverend Hinman, Walks Following The Eagle, Standing Cloud
sitting: Medicine (Sacred), Scarlet Night, Scarlet All Over, Coming Among The Clouds, Bluebird, Standing Soldier

[cinye78]

Please disregard what I posted. This is not a photograph of the Sisseton - Wahpeton 1867 Treaty delegation.
I looked at Kapplers Laws and Treaties Volume 2 1904 page 959 which lists the signers.
None of the men identified in the Photo are listed.
So Kangiduta is not there, and Scarlet Night is the correct name.
However finding the photo of this group of Dakota only gives me hope that a 1867 Sisseton-Wahpeton treaty delegation photo exists.

[Dietmar]

Okay, there was another delegation in Washington in 1867. Some names appear in the newspaper article below:

Arrival of a Delegation of Indians.
A delegation of chiefs and warriors of the Wahpeton
and Sisseton bands of Sioux Indians arrived
here Friday evening, and are stopping
at the barracks on the corner of 19th street and
New York avenue.
The delegation, which consists of twenty-one
fine, stalwart men, under the guidance of
Major Joseph R. Browne, come to make a
treaty for the right of way through Indian
territory for a wagon road to Fort Benton and
Montana. They declare their readiness to
make the grant, and to protect the same against
any hostile Indians.
The delegation includes Other Day and one
of the Indians that assisted him in getting the
whites from Yellow Medicine, Gabriel Renville
is the head chief; Scarlet Plume, head
chief of the Sissetons; Akipa, head chief of the
Wahpetons; Oyehduza, chief of the Light Band
on the Big Stone Lake; Washeecohah Maza,
chief of one of the subdivisions of Standing
Buffalo's band. The others are head soldiers
representing the several bands who occupied
the country between Yellow Medicine and the
head of the Coteau des Prairies.
Renville, Akipa, Two Stars, and Other Day
were among those who opposed the outbreak
from the first indication they had of its progress.
They never joined the hostile camp,
and took every opportunity of openly denouncing
the outbreak, and dissuading the
young men from joining it. The number of
lodges who thus opposed the outbreak were
forty-five.
Through the influence of these Indians,
Gens. Sibley and Corse succeeded in recapturing
100 captives, which the Indians had
captured two years before. All the white captives
were returned but one boy. They were
delivered up at Camp Release.
Scarlet Plume was at Big Stone Lake at the
time of the outbreak, and when the hostile
bands reached there he was led captive by
them on their skedaddle to the Northwest
prairies, and was in the hostile camp when
the troops under General Sibley encountered
them at Buffalo Lake. He there approached
the troops, and warned Gen. Sibley not to hold
a parley with the Indians, as in that case it
was their intention to kill him and the whites
with him. This he did at the risk of his life,
and while he was speaking he was seized and
forcibly dragged from the field by a party of
hostile Sioux
Two Shoes, Pretty Boy, Scarlet Crow, Scarlet
Eagle, Ecshe-ta kiya, Ich-wa-iuke, Wakan-to,
and the Lean Man were employed as
scouts at the Hawk's Nest, on the Coteau,
when the murderers of the Jewett family were
killed. The men composing the entire delegation
were actively and usefully employed as
scouts in 1864 and 1865, and the summary treatment
they meted out to the several war parties
they encountered has, beyond a doubt, secured
the peace of the frontier during the past summer.
Major Browne is accompanied by Benjamin
Thompson, Esq., Special Agent, and Messrs.
C. H Mix, Assistant Agent; Anson Brown,
Interpreter; Charles Crawford, Assistant Interpreter.

(Evening star, Washington, D.C., January 28, 1867)


I don´t think I have seen a delegation picture of this group all together.

The two photos of Wahpetons, Wahpekutes, etc. I posted earlier were probably a month later in Washington, as newspaper articles of February 1867 reveal. But that needs further research...

[rschliesman]

Mr. Dietmar, Thank you for the Evening Star article and finding these images of Wahpekutes and Mdewakantons? for the treaty lands near Spirit Lake (North Dakota). Like Mr. Garcia, the images give me hope that the Sisseton and Wahpeton treaty images exist. Thank you both for clarifying the identity of Scarlet Night. I had seen this man misidentified as Kangiduta as well. If it's helpful, here are the treaty signers and witnesses to the February and April versions of the 1867 Sisseton and Wahpeton treaty:

Treaty Signers – Feb 1967

Charles E. Mix.
Gabriel Renville, head chief Siss(i)ton and Wa(r)peton bands.
Wamdiupiduta, his x mark, head Siss(i)ton chief.
Tacandupahotanka, his x mark, head Wa(r)peton chief.
Oyehduze, his x mark, chief Sissiton.
Umpehtutokca, his x mark, chief Wahpeton.
John Otherday.
Akicitananjin, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Waxicunmaza, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Wasukiye, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Wamdiduta, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Hokxidanwaxte, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Wakanto, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Ecanajinke, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Canteiyapa, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Cho-Tan-Ka-Si-Di-Na-Pe
Tihdonica, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Tawapahamaza, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Wandiiyeza, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Tacunrpipeta, his x mark, Sissiton soldier.
Wicumrpinumpa, his x mark, Wa(r)peton soldier.
Xupehiyu, his x mark, Wa(r)peton soldier.
Ecetukiye, his x mark, Wa(r)peton soldier.
Kangiduta, his x mark, Wa(r)peton soldier.

Witnesses to signatures of above chiefs and soldiers:
Charles E. Mix.
Benj'n Thompson.
J. R. Brown.
Anexus M. A. Brown, Interpreter.
Chas. Crawford.
Thos. E. McGraw.
J. H. Leavenworth.
A. B. Norton.
Geo. B. Jonas.
Frank S. Mix.

The heavily altered treaty of April was signed and witnessed by:

Treaty Signers – April 1867

GABRIEL RENVILLE, Head Chief of Sissiton and Warpeton bands. [SEAL.]
WAMDIUPIDUTA, his x mark, Head Sissiton Chief. [SEAL.]
TACANDUPAHOTANKA, his x mark, Head Warpeton Chief. [SEAL.]
OYEHDUZE, his x mark, Chief Sissiton. [SEAL.]
JOHN OTHERDAY, Chief Warpeton. [SEAL.]
AKICITANANJON, his x mark, Sissiton soldier. [SEAL.]
WAXICUNMAZA, his x mark, “ [SEAL.]
WASUKIYE, his x mark, “ [SEAL.]
WAMDIDUTA, jis x mark, “ [SEAL.]
HOKXIDANWAXTE, his x mark, “ [SEAL.]
WAKANTO, his x mark, “ [SEAL.]
ECANAJINKE, his x mark, “ [SEAL.]
CANTEIYAPA, his x mark, “ [SEAL.]
TIIIDONICA, his x mark, “ [SEAL.]
TAWAPAHAMAZA, his x mark, “ [SEAL.]
WANDIIYEZA, his x mark, “ [SEAL.]
TACUNRPIPETA, his x mark, “ [SEAL.]
XUPEHIYEE, his x mark, Warpeton. [SEAL.]
WICUNRPINUPA, “ [SEAL.]
ECETUKIYA, “ [SEAL.]
HANGIDUTA, (dead,) “ [SEAL.]

Signed in presence of
N. G. TAYLOR, Comr. Ind. Affrs.
BENJ'N THOMPSON, Special Agent.
J. R. BROWN, Spl. Agt.
ALF. A. TAYLOR.
W. P. DOLE.
H. H. YOUNG.
ANEXUS M. A. BROWN, Interp[r]eter.
CHAS. CRAWFORD, Interpreter.
CHARLES E. MIX.

[Dietmar]

As men like Gabriel Renville and John Otherday were present in Washington (as newspaper articles reveal), when the other delegations were photographed, there at least is a chance that a photo of the delegation exists.

[cinye78]

The Santee delegation photo (1858?) which pictures Bluebird. Zitkadanto (Blue Bird) is Rev. Sam Hopkins (Presbyterian Minister). He is the younger brother of Caske (First born male) Robert Hopkins.
Robert Hopkins volunteered to preach in the Prison Camp to help ease the pain of the rough treatment the prisoners of war experienced. Robert was assisting Rev. Thomas S. Williamson in the prison.
Louie Garcia, Ft. Totten, ND