Shawnee band of the Lower Brule

[Deleted]

I am wondering about the significance of a Shawnee (Shawala) band shown in the "Lower Brule Tribal Circle, According to Medicine Bull (1880)" as posted by Kingsley Bray.

Are these people some of the same Shawnee that were removed from Pennyslvania and Ohio to Kansas and then subsequently pushed out of Kansas to parts unknown?

The "Dakota Tribal Circle, According to Joe Eagle Hawk (1931)" shows Hunkpapa, Assiniboine, Santee and Yankton, Lower Brule, Brule, Miniconjou, and Oglala all in the same camp circle.

tribal circle directory
www.american-tribes.com/TribalCircles/directory.htm

[Deleted]

By the way, James Riley Walker translates Ho He (Assiniboine) as "rough voiced". Does anyone concur with that?

[grahamew]

Rough as in imperfect - as in, they speak kind of like us but not exactly?

[Deleted]

Yes, exactly! I've done some research. The NLD lists Assiniboine as "Hohe" (with both haitches without hats) but the word "hoheyatanhan" with a hat on the haitch means "away from the camp circle" where -yatanhan is a suffix meaning "from" when used with nouns ending in a vowel. Thus, ho means voice, and he (with a hat) means remote, rugged, rough (especially when applied to terrain) and hohe might mean "rough voiced" as James Riley Walker suggests in "Lakota Society."

[Deleted]

Also, I've done some research on the sha words (the s with the hat). The Cree are known by the Lakota as "shahiya" where hiya means "no." So, the word could mean "not red" or (maybe), "not like us." The Cheyenne are known by the Lakota as "shahiyela" where hi means "come" and yela means "somewhat." So, the word could mean "come somewhat red" or (maybe), "come somewhat like us." The Shawnee are known by the Lakota as "Shawala" where wala means "to beg." So, the word could mean "reds who beg" (like in "those who come from far away seeking our aid"). For several centuries the Lakota have been an "adoptive" people with their "hunka" ceremony. When someone becomes hunka it is like they are Lakota (especially after they learn to speak the language).

[Deleted]

I've even coined a word. It is "shahi" a noun that means "comes red" where "sha" literally means "red" (as the Lakota refer to Asian peoples as "hazi" where "ha" means skin and "zi" means yellow) and the suffix "hi" means "comes." So, I think "shahi" is one of the "lost mono-syllable" that Ella Cara Deloria spent much of her time looking for. In my book it's a kinship, tribal identity term indicating how the Lakota once viewed themselves before the washichu came along.

[witkola]

Oct 19, 2017 10:03:43 GMT -5 @georg said:

By the way, James Riley Walker translates Ho He (Assiniboine) as "rough voiced". Does anyone concur with that?

"Hóhe" doesn't make sense in any Lakȟóta construct. The word "hóhe" may actually be from the Osage "óhesaži" for "rough." The Thítȟųwą Lakȟóta (Oglála and Sičhą́ǧu) had Wažáže ("Osage") bands within them. The Wažáže were identified as a distinct group among the first recorded observations of the Lakȟóta. So it seems probable that words from the Wažáže could have been incorporated into the Lakȟóta lexicon.
Working for Boas, Deloria could not verify many of the claims that Walker had made regarding the Lakȟóta. Dr. Powers, anthropologist, unfortunately, relies on Walker's work. The NLD dictionary, as well, doesn't provide specific citations for the Lakȟóta words and phrases as does the New Comprehensive Edition of Buechel's Dictionary. In that respect, Buechel-Manhardt's NCE is far more reliable as a source. Interesting as well, is that Deloria's name should come up in these posts. Deloria's bias for the Dakhóta dialect can be found at the bottom of page 165 in "Dakota Texts" despite the fact that this particular book consisted entirely of Lakȟóta tales. Only one is translated into the Dakhóta dialect and she does so, apparently, to demonstrate the superiority of the Dakhóta dialect to the Lakȟóta. Very interesting.
I also noticed, further down in the posts, your interest in the term "šahi." In Lakȟóta, the proper way of anything, whether animate or inanimate, "becoming red" would be "šá áye."

[Deleted]

I do not know anything.

I am like a sighted man stumbling around in the darkened room of my own ignorance.

But I do know that George Sword thought highly of James Riley Walker and that is good enough for me.

[grahamew]

Pure speculation, of course but I wonder if beg refers to asking for help...

[Deleted]

Like I wrote, "those who come from far away seeking our aid" which would be in keeping with their adoptive tradition.

[grahamew]

Had to admit that I thought it was related to asking for help in battle (i.e. Tecumseh soliciting military assistance from the various tribes in the (then) northwest...). That will depend on how far back the name can be traced, of course. On the other hand, the word isn't million miles away from the sound of the name Shawnee, which as far as I know, derives from some variant of Algonquin, so it's possible the Lakota word is some kind of hybridisation too.