Post by ladonna on Feb 14, 2012 13:16:50 GMT -5
These are the bands of the Yanktonais or Ihuntonwans
Kiyuksa,
Wazikute,
Hahatonwanna,
Honetaparteenwaz
Zaartar
Hunkpatina,
Pabaksa
Takini,
Shikshichena,
Bakihon,
Pabaksa,
Putetemini,
Shungikcheka,
Takhuhayuta,
Sanona,
Ihasha,
Iteghu,
Pteyuteshni.
Bakihon,
Gash Themselves With Knives?
Harney's report for the Yanktonais reads:
"1st Band of Yanktonais - 'Two Bears' Chief. Their country, from James to Mouse [Souris] Rivers, on the east side of the Missouri River and now [Nov. 1855] near the mouth of 'Long Lake' - about 180 miles from here [Ft Pierre].
2nd Band of Yanktonais - 'Don't Eat Buffalo' ('Nobsedie') Chief. Their country, about the 'Bone Butte' near the head of James River, about 150 miles from here.
3rd Band of Yanktonais - 'Big Head' Chief. Their country, from here to mouth of Mouse River, now about 40 miles below Fort Clarke, on Missouri River, at 'Apple Creek'.
4th Band of Yanktonais - 'Medicine Bear' or 'Cut himself' Chief. Their country, from here to the mouth of Mouse River, on the East Bank of the Missouri - now about 250 miles from here."
The French Gaulized their Indian name to Yanktonai. The Ihanktonwanna are again divided into two groups, 1) the Yanktonai proper, 2) Hunkpatina (hunkpa=word referning to horns, ti=dwell, na=diminutive) or the group that Camps at the Horns (meaning entrance to the camp circle). The Cut-Head sub-division is one of seven bands who belong to the Yanktonai Proper.
The name Cut-Head or Pabaksa (pa=head, ba=sawing motion, ksa=cut) was a new name placed upon this band after the year 1821. This was the date that their leader Red Thunder was killed by the Ojibway under the leadership of Chief Flat Mouth.
Red Thunder’s head was cut off and displayed as a trophy. Red Thunder’s son Waanatan (Wa=noun marker, Anatan=to charge) attacked the Ojibwa and retrieved his fathers’ head. The head became the center of a medicine bundle, when a dream instructed Waanatan to do so.
Red Thunder would speak to his son through the bundle, directing the band movement towards buffalo or away from enemies. This medicine bundle was probably buried with Suna (Bullets) Wannatan, a grandson of Waanatan II. In 1840 Wannatan was assassinated and the Cut-Heads split into at least three factions, each led by a son.
1) Red Thunder Jr. remained along the Missouri River in the Bismarck area.
2) Hosapa or Catfish traveled up the Missouri to the Poplar Montana area.
3) Waanatan II moved to the home of his mother at Lake Traverse and became a Sisseton Dakota leader.
After the 1862 war, Waanatan II and his Sisseton band settled here on the Spirit Lake Reservation, and lived near the St. Michael Mission.
Scarlet Shield (Wahacankaduta DLS # 358, 1813 – 1897) and his Pabaksa band also came to Spirit Lake and settled in the Crow Hill District.
The first census at Spirit Lake was taken in 1876. Agent McLaughlin lists “the following 65 people are of the Cut head band, absent at the present time”.
#256 Sapa (Black) 5 members of his family
#257 Tatedokiya (Where is the Wind ?) 4 members “ “
#258 Zitkaduta (Scarlet Bird) 3 “
#259 Owizeze ( ? ) 2 “
#260 Hapana (second Born Daughter) 4 “
#261 Owakasina (Watching ?) 4 “
#262 Hisica (Bad Tooth) 2 “
#263 Hehakaduzahan (Swift Elk) 7 “
#264 Wapasa (Red Head ?) 12 “
#265 Nerepshe (?) 3 “
#266 Mazahuhatopa (Four Iron Legs) 6 “
#267 Matoistima (Sleeping Bear) 7 “
#268 Matohota (Grey Bear) 6 “
A total of 65 People
The census does not indicate the tribal affiliation of the other 255 families enrolled, but are for the most part members of the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of eastern Dakota.
The following year on July 16, 1877 the census was taken by bands. Band Number 10 is recognized as Cut-heads by their leaders name at the top of the list.
1- Wahacankaduta (Scarlet Shield) 5 members of his family
2- Tawizisa (His Old Red Lodge) 6 “ “ “ “
3- Wicahanapi (?) 5 “ “ “ “
4- Rkicatonna (?) 4 “ “ “ “
5- Hehanwayakapi (?) 6 “ “ “ “
6- Anpetuhotawin (Greyday Woman) 1 member
7- Wamaway_a (?) 7 members of his family
8- Upanhika (Unpan=female elk) 2 “ “ “ “
9- Sunkanaskiya (Crazy Dog?) 2 “ “ “ “
10- Wahainape (?) 3 “ “ “ “
11- Tonwankokipapi (They Fear His Influence) 7 “ “ “ “
12- Isnina (A females’ fathers’ brother) 3 “ “ “ “
13- Hehakawambde (Eagle Elk) 2 “ “ “ “
14- Sunkayuta (Eats Dog) 2 “ “ “ “
The 1877 census reveals 14 families, composed of 14 men, 21 women, 9 boys and 11 girls, making a total of 55 members present at the time.
In 1881 Agent McLaughlin was transferred from Spirit Lake to Standing Rock Reservation. In 1920 Spirit Lake tribal members testified to the Indian Claims Commissioners that all but two men of the Pabaksa band departed Crow Hill for Cannonball in 1881 because they admired Agent McLaughlin.
In the year 1885 Red Shield and his people show up on the Standing Rock Reservation census, but are listed as Lower Yanktonai by mistake.
#181 5 people Wahacanka Duta Red Shield
182 4 Unktomni Ska White Spider
183 2 Skiskita Rough Surface
184 2 Maka Skunk
185 3 Oye Nakbeza Track Hider
186 4 Mato Sapa Black Bear
187 5 Tisnawin Her Rattling Lodge
188 3 Wanbdi Yuha Keeps the Eagle
189 2 Wanbdi Eagle
190 3 Tasunke Ska His White Horse
191 5 Cetan Rota Grey Hawk
192 3 Makata Wakinyan Thunder on the Ground
193 3 Tatanka Icago Mani Bull Walk Marking
194 4 Pe Rdi Sore Head
195 2 Kinyan Wakuwa Hunt Flying
196 3 Akicita Najin Standing Soldier
197 4 Awankasotapi Used Up His Arrows
198 2 Tahan #1 He Traveled Far
199 8 Nagi Wakan Holy Ghost
200 2 Karo Kaddy
201 6 Paiyankana Makes the Hoop Run
202 5 Winona First Born Female
203 1 Mato Ska White Bear
Making at total of 81 members.
The Ihanktonwana Nakota claim ownership of all the land from the Red River to the Missouri River in North Dakota. Other Dakota and Lakota tribes sold technically the millions of acres of land the Yanktonai once owned with the Yanktonai receiving only a few coins in per capita payment. As a Tribe they are the most disenfranchised of all the Seven Council Fire People.
Kiyuksa,
Wazikute,
Hahatonwanna,
Honetaparteenwaz
Zaartar
Hunkpatina,
Pabaksa
Takini,
Shikshichena,
Bakihon,
Pabaksa,
Putetemini,
Shungikcheka,
Takhuhayuta,
Sanona,
Ihasha,
Iteghu,
Pteyuteshni.
Bakihon,
Gash Themselves With Knives?
Harney's report for the Yanktonais reads:
"1st Band of Yanktonais - 'Two Bears' Chief. Their country, from James to Mouse [Souris] Rivers, on the east side of the Missouri River and now [Nov. 1855] near the mouth of 'Long Lake' - about 180 miles from here [Ft Pierre].
2nd Band of Yanktonais - 'Don't Eat Buffalo' ('Nobsedie') Chief. Their country, about the 'Bone Butte' near the head of James River, about 150 miles from here.
3rd Band of Yanktonais - 'Big Head' Chief. Their country, from here to mouth of Mouse River, now about 40 miles below Fort Clarke, on Missouri River, at 'Apple Creek'.
4th Band of Yanktonais - 'Medicine Bear' or 'Cut himself' Chief. Their country, from here to the mouth of Mouse River, on the East Bank of the Missouri - now about 250 miles from here."
The French Gaulized their Indian name to Yanktonai. The Ihanktonwanna are again divided into two groups, 1) the Yanktonai proper, 2) Hunkpatina (hunkpa=word referning to horns, ti=dwell, na=diminutive) or the group that Camps at the Horns (meaning entrance to the camp circle). The Cut-Head sub-division is one of seven bands who belong to the Yanktonai Proper.
The name Cut-Head or Pabaksa (pa=head, ba=sawing motion, ksa=cut) was a new name placed upon this band after the year 1821. This was the date that their leader Red Thunder was killed by the Ojibway under the leadership of Chief Flat Mouth.
Red Thunder’s head was cut off and displayed as a trophy. Red Thunder’s son Waanatan (Wa=noun marker, Anatan=to charge) attacked the Ojibwa and retrieved his fathers’ head. The head became the center of a medicine bundle, when a dream instructed Waanatan to do so.
Red Thunder would speak to his son through the bundle, directing the band movement towards buffalo or away from enemies. This medicine bundle was probably buried with Suna (Bullets) Wannatan, a grandson of Waanatan II. In 1840 Wannatan was assassinated and the Cut-Heads split into at least three factions, each led by a son.
1) Red Thunder Jr. remained along the Missouri River in the Bismarck area.
2) Hosapa or Catfish traveled up the Missouri to the Poplar Montana area.
3) Waanatan II moved to the home of his mother at Lake Traverse and became a Sisseton Dakota leader.
After the 1862 war, Waanatan II and his Sisseton band settled here on the Spirit Lake Reservation, and lived near the St. Michael Mission.
Scarlet Shield (Wahacankaduta DLS # 358, 1813 – 1897) and his Pabaksa band also came to Spirit Lake and settled in the Crow Hill District.
The first census at Spirit Lake was taken in 1876. Agent McLaughlin lists “the following 65 people are of the Cut head band, absent at the present time”.
#256 Sapa (Black) 5 members of his family
#257 Tatedokiya (Where is the Wind ?) 4 members “ “
#258 Zitkaduta (Scarlet Bird) 3 “
#259 Owizeze ( ? ) 2 “
#260 Hapana (second Born Daughter) 4 “
#261 Owakasina (Watching ?) 4 “
#262 Hisica (Bad Tooth) 2 “
#263 Hehakaduzahan (Swift Elk) 7 “
#264 Wapasa (Red Head ?) 12 “
#265 Nerepshe (?) 3 “
#266 Mazahuhatopa (Four Iron Legs) 6 “
#267 Matoistima (Sleeping Bear) 7 “
#268 Matohota (Grey Bear) 6 “
A total of 65 People
The census does not indicate the tribal affiliation of the other 255 families enrolled, but are for the most part members of the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of eastern Dakota.
The following year on July 16, 1877 the census was taken by bands. Band Number 10 is recognized as Cut-heads by their leaders name at the top of the list.
1- Wahacankaduta (Scarlet Shield) 5 members of his family
2- Tawizisa (His Old Red Lodge) 6 “ “ “ “
3- Wicahanapi (?) 5 “ “ “ “
4- Rkicatonna (?) 4 “ “ “ “
5- Hehanwayakapi (?) 6 “ “ “ “
6- Anpetuhotawin (Greyday Woman) 1 member
7- Wamaway_a (?) 7 members of his family
8- Upanhika (Unpan=female elk) 2 “ “ “ “
9- Sunkanaskiya (Crazy Dog?) 2 “ “ “ “
10- Wahainape (?) 3 “ “ “ “
11- Tonwankokipapi (They Fear His Influence) 7 “ “ “ “
12- Isnina (A females’ fathers’ brother) 3 “ “ “ “
13- Hehakawambde (Eagle Elk) 2 “ “ “ “
14- Sunkayuta (Eats Dog) 2 “ “ “ “
The 1877 census reveals 14 families, composed of 14 men, 21 women, 9 boys and 11 girls, making a total of 55 members present at the time.
In 1881 Agent McLaughlin was transferred from Spirit Lake to Standing Rock Reservation. In 1920 Spirit Lake tribal members testified to the Indian Claims Commissioners that all but two men of the Pabaksa band departed Crow Hill for Cannonball in 1881 because they admired Agent McLaughlin.
In the year 1885 Red Shield and his people show up on the Standing Rock Reservation census, but are listed as Lower Yanktonai by mistake.
#181 5 people Wahacanka Duta Red Shield
182 4 Unktomni Ska White Spider
183 2 Skiskita Rough Surface
184 2 Maka Skunk
185 3 Oye Nakbeza Track Hider
186 4 Mato Sapa Black Bear
187 5 Tisnawin Her Rattling Lodge
188 3 Wanbdi Yuha Keeps the Eagle
189 2 Wanbdi Eagle
190 3 Tasunke Ska His White Horse
191 5 Cetan Rota Grey Hawk
192 3 Makata Wakinyan Thunder on the Ground
193 3 Tatanka Icago Mani Bull Walk Marking
194 4 Pe Rdi Sore Head
195 2 Kinyan Wakuwa Hunt Flying
196 3 Akicita Najin Standing Soldier
197 4 Awankasotapi Used Up His Arrows
198 2 Tahan #1 He Traveled Far
199 8 Nagi Wakan Holy Ghost
200 2 Karo Kaddy
201 6 Paiyankana Makes the Hoop Run
202 5 Winona First Born Female
203 1 Mato Ska White Bear
Making at total of 81 members.
The Ihanktonwana Nakota claim ownership of all the land from the Red River to the Missouri River in North Dakota. Other Dakota and Lakota tribes sold technically the millions of acres of land the Yanktonai once owned with the Yanktonai receiving only a few coins in per capita payment. As a Tribe they are the most disenfranchised of all the Seven Council Fire People.