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Post by ephriam on Jan 30, 2010 2:15:49 GMT -5
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Post by ephriam on Jan 30, 2010 0:36:03 GMT -5
As Ladonna pointed out above, one of the cowboys in Cody's show was William L. "Buck" Taylor. In 1894, he started his own Wild West Show, in which he hired Lakota to travel with him.
During the 1894-95 season, he hired a number of Brule from the Rosebud Reservation, including Black Hawk Cetan Sapa (c1868-1936) and his wife, Red Woman/Red Horse (b. c1872). Taylor's show went bankrupt in 1895, stranding the Brule. The Office of Indian Affairs had to pay to get them transported back to Rosebud and brought a lawsuit against Taylor for back pay for them. I seem to recall seeing a photograph of the troupe; will have to do a little digging to find that.
As far as I am aware, this Black Bear did not live in New York; rather, he spent the remainder of his life on the Rosebud reservation, where he died August 23, 1936.
ephriam
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Post by ephriam on Jan 24, 2010 13:01:07 GMT -5
I agree that Whirlwind Soldier probably was not at the Little Bighorn. If he was, he must have returned to the Spotted Tail Agency soon afterward as he mentioned a number of times at the agency during 1876-77.
He signed the Black Hills Treaty in September 1876.
Whirlwind Soldier enlisted in the Indian Scouts on April 1, 1877 and ultimately served four enlistments, finally being discharged on June 12, 1878. In August 1877, he was a sergeant in Company E Indian Scouts, composed of Minneconjou/Sans Arc from Touch the Clouds and Red Bear's bands, leavened with a number of dependable Brule such as Whirlwind Soldier.
He is also listed in the June and December 1877 census of Spotted Tail Agency.
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Post by ephriam on Dec 5, 2009 12:24:30 GMT -5
Another little tidbit I came across this morning:
Pauline Pretty Weasel (wife of Pretty Weasel, close friend of Crazy Horse and member of He Dog's Soreback band of Oglala), was a sister of Red Hawk.
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Post by ephriam on Dec 2, 2009 1:29:40 GMT -5
I can add a few additional details to the life story of Red Hawk Cetan Luta (c1856-1928).
As already noted, he was born about 1856 or 1857. Red Hawk is listed as a "brother" of Iron Thunder (who was a "brother" of Hump) suggesting that he was born Minneconjou. As a young man, Red Hawk remained out with the non-treaty bands. He was present for the Battle of the Little Bighorn in June 1876 (see Nick Ruleau interview in Ricker Interviews and in Michael Donahue's book, Drawing Battle Lines: The Map Testimony of Custer's Last Fight.)
As Kingsley noted, there is a Red Hawk listed with Crazy Horse's band surrendering in May 1877; I suspect that this is our man or his father. Dr. James Irwin, agent at Red Cloud, listed Red Hawk as a Minneconjou on his list of transfers to the Spotted Tail Agency on September 1, 1877. Red Hawk was probably then part of the bands that fled the Red Cloud and Spotted Tail Agencies in late 1877, eventually arriving in Canada. He married about 1877-78.
Red Hawk later recalled that he surrendered at Fort Keogh, probably in 1880. He worked as a scout there for about six months and led a delegation north to persuade his brother Iron Thunder to surrender (which he did on Aug. 7, 1880). He was part of the bands transferred to the Standing Rock Agency in 1881 and does appear in the Sitting Bull Surrender Census in the band of his brother Hump. Red Hawk was then transferred to the Pine Ridge Agency in 1882 where he lived the remainder of his life.
During the Ghost Dance troubles, Red Hawk enlisted as an Indian scout. He later served in the Indian Police. He said he had been a headman since about 1896 (death of his father?).
He attended the 1926 Little Bighorn Anniversary. Red Hawk died on March 29, 1928.
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Post by ephriam on Nov 18, 2009 9:08:54 GMT -5
I have also been looking at this interesting collection of photographs. Photos number 3 and 4 are well known views: the woman and baby is a cdv version of #38 in Hamilton & Hoyt's stereographic series; the man with the flag and rifle is Green Cloud from Hamilton's series, the number is partially obscured in the example I have seen.
As to the remaining portraits with the curtain backdrop, they are all new to me. I have not seen any Cross photos with this type of backdrop. So like all of you, I am still searching for who this photographer might be!
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Post by ephriam on Nov 17, 2009 8:32:12 GMT -5
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Post by ephriam on Nov 1, 2009 0:31:52 GMT -5
Hi Brock:
I think the evidence strongly supports that Touch the Cloud was not at the Little Bighorn.
1. He was present at the Cheyenne River Agency council on July 29, 1876. He is listed in the council proceedings as "Push the Cloud, son of the late Lone Horn," clearly indicating that it was he and not another relative. Granted, this by itself does not rule out Touch the Cloud being at the Little Bighorn; he would have had a month to get back to Cheyenne River after the battle, which could have easily been accomplished.
2. None of the many first person native accounts mention Touch the Cloud as being present at the Little Bighorn. Given his role as a leader among the Minneconjou, I find that very compelling. The only possible identification I am aware of is from Flying By who listed Lone Horn as being at the Little Bighorn. Since Lone Horn had died the previous winter, it is a possible reference to the son.
3. But most compelling, a reporter interviewing the Lakota delegation visiting Washington, D.C. in the fall of 1877 specifically stated that Touch the Cloud was not at the Little Bighorn. Presumably this information came from Touch the Cloud himself.
I recognize that there is an oral history tradition that says that Touch the Clouds was there. I will have to go back and check my notes but my recollection is that I spoke to a different descendant a couple of years ago who understood that he was not there. Perhaps further work on the oral history at Cheyenne River might yield some additional information on this. But at least at this point, I think the evidence supports that he was not there.
ephriam
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Post by ephriam on Sept 22, 2009 23:46:23 GMT -5
Any idea where these last two photographs were taken at? Where are the originals? Thanks!
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Post by ephriam on Sept 13, 2009 13:24:10 GMT -5
A preliminary biographical summary:
GRAY EAGLE Wanbli Hota (c1854-1935). Hunkpapa: Wakan Band. Later known as Gabriel Gray Eagle.
Born an Oglala about 1850-54, Gray Eagle was among the northern or "non treaty" bands living away from the agencies by the 1870s. In the spring of 1872, Sitting Bull approached Gray Eagle about marrying his sister, Four Robes, an action that suggests that Gray Eagle's father had died by this time. That fall, Sitting Bull also married a second sister, Seen by the Nation, a widow with two sons. As a brother-in-law of Sitting Bull, Gray Eagle became closely aligned with the noted Hunkpapa headman.
Gray Eagle married a Hunkpapa woman named Deer Woman Tahca winla (later known as Lizzie Gray Eagle) by about 1874(?). She was the daughter of Rose Bud (c1820-c1890). Gray Eagle appears to have joined the Hunkpapa about this time.
In 1876, Gray Eagle, now about 22 years old, fought against the Army at the Battles of the Rosebud and at the Little Bighorn. (White Bull recalled the Gray Eagle was living in Sitting Bull's lodge in 1876, suggesting that he may not have married quite yet). During Sitting Bull's council with Colonel Miles, Gray Eagle was standing nearby, holding horses.
He was among the Hunkpapa who fled across the boundary into Canada for more than 2 years. Gray Eagle later recalled that he and Low Dog, a rising northern Oglala leader, were good friends and that they decided to come in and surrender in advance of Sitting Bull and other Hunkpapa. They were initially at Poplar Agency and then Fort Buford, before being transferred to the Fort Yates and the Standing Rock Agency in May/June 1881. In the Sitting Bull Surrender Census, Gray Eagle is listed with Crawler's Band, as are his father-in-law Rose Bud and several of his brother-in-laws.
Gray Eagle is first listed in agency documents as a leader of his own band in November 1882. The core members of his band appear to be Rose Bud and his sons, including Running Hawk, Iron Thunder and One Elk. Other core families include Village Center and Shell King, though their relationship to Gray Eagle is not yet known. One source suggests that Gray Eagle's band was known as the Wakan tiyospaye. Agent James McLaughlin described Gray Eagle as "a man of determination and strong will power... an influential leader of his people." He was noted as one of the first of the northern Hunkpapa to adopt western dress. He served as a tribal judge (years?) and went to Washington, D.C. as a delegate from Standing Rock in 1888.
His relationship with his brother-in-law, Sitting Bull, has been open to debate. Many authors have suggested that he and Sitting Bull had a strained relationship following Gray Eagle's punishment after a horse stealing incident in Canada. Gray Eagle himself however denied that this was true. He described his relationship with Sitting Bull as that of a brother. The fact that he and Little Assiniboine (Jumping Bull) traveled to Fort Randall in November 1882 to visit Sitting Bull supports his statement that their relationship was good during this period. Gray Eagle also requested Agent McLaughlin to request Sitting Bull's release.
Gray Eagle said that their relationship began to deteriorate in the late 1880s when he was attempting to persuade Sitting Bull to abandon traditional ways and to not engage in the newly emerging Ghost Dance. "You go ahead and follow what white man says but for my part, leave me alone," Sitting Bull reportedly said. Gray Eagle warned Sitting Bull that his refusal to obey the Indian agent would cause trouble. "We have been friends for a long time," Gray Eagle replied, "but if you are not going to do as whites say, we will not be together any more."
There is considerable speculation as to why Gray Eagle accompanied the agency police to Sitting Bull's home that morning of December 15, 1890. Some have speculated that he had turned against his brother-in-law and had led the police there. Others suggest that he came to protect his sisters and their children. Gray Eagle himself said that he went to try and use his influence to convince Sitting Bull to come in to the Agency with the police as ordered. Tragically, during the struggle with the agency police, Sitting Bull and several family members were killed.
In the aftermath of Sitting Bull's death, his widows and children joined Gray Eagle's band and then, about 1892, transferred to the Pine Ridge Agency. Gray Eagle remained at Standing Rock as a vocal spokesman for his community. He died at Standing Rock on June 13, 1935.
ephriam
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Post by ephriam on Sept 13, 2009 13:19:48 GMT -5
Sorry, this is not polished but here are some notes on Little Assiniboine:
LITTLE ASSINIBOINE Hohe Cikala (c1844-1890). Hunkpapa. Also known as Jumping Bull.
Born an Assiniboine; parents killed in attack by Lakota war party about 1857; saved and adopted by Sitting Bull; given Sitting Bull's father's name. Married by 1868; had children. Presumably at Little Bighorn though White Bull did not recall seeing him in the fight. With Sitting Bull in Canada. Wounded in battle with troops in July 1879; left Sitting Bull's village in Nov. 1880 with 15 lodges to surrender, presumably advance elements of Hunkpapa surrenders; surrendered at Poplar Agency; Hunkpapa sent to Fort Buford; transferred to Fort Yates in May/June 1881. Listed in Sitting Bull Surrender Census in Crawler's band, as are several of Gray Eagle's band. Was not part of Sitting Bull's band sent to Fort Randall as POW; visited Sitting Bull at Fort Randall with Gray Eagle, Nov. 1882; transferred to Sitting Bull's band after Fort Randall POWs returned to Standing Rock. Listed in Crawler's Band, 1881-82, Grey Eagle's Band, 1882-83, Sitting Bull's Band, 1883-90. Little Assiniboine and his eldest son Chase Wounded were killed Dec. 15, 1890 during the struggle to arrest Sitting Bull. His widow and children transferred to the Pine Ridge Agency with Sitting Bull's widows and children about 1892.
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Post by ephriam on Sept 11, 2009 7:54:27 GMT -5
LaDonna:
I have a question about your Grey Eagle family posting above.
First, I think that the man listed as Grey Eagle (b. c1851) is the same as Gabriel Grey Eagle (c1854-1935). Also, his wife Deer Woman was later known as Lizzie Grey Eagle (presumably the same as Lizzie Sunflower).
Do I understand from your notes above that Rosebud and his wife Good Travois are the parents of Lizzie Sunflower/Grey Eagle? It looks like that from the census records.
It appears that Grey Eagle's band (Hunkpapa: Wakan) was built around the sons and daughters of Rose Bud (Grey Eagle having married one of his daughters).
What are your thoughts?
ephriam
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Post by ephriam on Sept 5, 2009 8:04:55 GMT -5
Maggie Appleton, niece of Agent J. J. Saville from the Red Cloud Agency, listed the 1875 delegation members from that Agency, fourteen people total:
Red Cloud Tall Lance Fast Thunder Bad Wound Red Bud (wife of Bad Wound) Shoulder Conquering Bear Face Black Bear Sitting Bull Iron Horse American Horse Pawnee Killer Little Wound
Emily: regarding the 1875 transcription, there is a detailed typed transcription of the 1875 meetings in Washington in the Kansas City records cited by Kingsley above. These include May 26 (4 pp), May 27 (15 pp), June 1 (19 pp) and June 5 (9 pp).
Relative to photographs of the 1875 delegation, there are two known images (the best one posted above by Dietmar) taken by an unidentified photographer from the patent office, produced in the open court area of the Interior Department Building in Washington, D.C.
There are two known photographs of the Oglala and Brule members of this delegation taken by Frank F. Currier on May 13, 1875 in Omaha as they were headed for Washington, D.C. One of these images at least was reprinted by another Omaha photographer, E. L. Eaton.
Finally, we also know that when the Oglala and Brule portion of the delegation arrived back in Cheyenne after visiting Washington, D.C., they were again photographed, this time by Cheyenne photographer W. H. Masters. I have not been able to identify any of the portraits for certain though there was a cdv by Masters labeled Grey Cloud that appeared on Cowan Auctions last year. I suspect that this is one of the lost 1875 delegation photographs, perhaps one of the younger Brule members such as Ring Thunder.
ephriam
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Post by ephriam on May 9, 2009 22:56:41 GMT -5
Anyone have additional information?
BLACK ROAD Canku Sapa (c1836-1910). Oglala. Medicine man.
Born about 1836, the medicine man Black Road was presumably with the non-treaty bands during the Great Sioux War of 1876-77. He was among the Oglala who surrendered at the Tongue River Cantonment (Fort Keogh) in 1880 where he was consulted by the parents of Black Elk when their young son was troubled by a powerful vision.1 Black Road was among the Oglala transferred to the Standing Rock Agency in 1881 and then to the Pine Ridge Reservation in 1882.2 Here he settled in the White Clay District. In 1890, he was listed as a member of the Siksicela Band. Black Road died November 15, 1910.3 -------------- 1. DeMallie, The Sixth Grandfather, p. 214-224. 2. Big Road Roster (He Dog’s Band), 1881; Standing Rock Agency Annuity List (Little Hawk’s Band), 1881; Pine Ridge Agency ledger book, 1880-82. 3. Pine Ridge Agency census, 1890. Death Records, Pine Ridge Agency.
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Post by ephriam on May 8, 2009 9:08:39 GMT -5
Aurelia:
The 1881 list came from a document at the National Archives Regional Branch in Kansas City. I will see if I can scan my copy and upload the image here.
The 36 families who came to Cheyenne River with Spotted Eagle are as follows. Please let us know if you recognize other family names here:
Spotted Eagle Ashes Lone Woman Kill the ___ [Brave Thunder?] Kill the Bear White Bear Lone Eagle Iron White Man Kill the Bear [#2] One Ghost Red Bull Black Dog Red Dog Spotted Eagle Jr. Poor Bear Uses His Knife White Buffao Bull Long Mandan Fights Thunder Shooter Poor Elk Big Hawk Two Eagles Red Star Thunder Hawk Fool Horse Black Horse Shell Necklace King Man Camps as He Comes Walking Bear Red Bear Fool Soldier Hawk Bear Two Band Little Shield
Thank you, ephriam
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