Oglala Lone Horn

[hreinn]

There seems to have been an Oglala Lone Horn.
Just as there was a Mnikhówozu Lone Horn.
It seems they have sometimes in discussions/writings been fused into one and the same person.

The Oglala Lone Horn seems to have been son of Stiff Leg With Warbonnet [1] (aka. Crippled Warbonnet [2]).


Sources for Oglala Lone Horn:

1. Kingsley Bray [3]:
"The George Bent letters to George Hyde mention that some Sioux started visiting the Cheyennes soon after the Cheyennes moved down to the South Platte in the late 1820s. He says they were Oglalas, but the only named leader is actually One Horn"

It is the same Lakota name behind the names Lone Horn and One Horn.
So here we have a reference to Oglala Lone Horn (One Horn).
From a contemporary source.


2, Eagle Elk [4]:
"The following ogalala chiefs had camp followings:
1. Wolf Necklace, ..., 18. Lone Horn"

Here is a straightforward mention of Oglala Lone Horn.
From a contemporary source.


3. George Hyde [1]:
"Lone Horn's father (not the father of that Lone Horn who was killed by a buffalo bull in 1832, but the father of Lone Horn who was chief of the Miniconjou Sioux from 1859 to 1876) led a war party against the Pawnees in 1832 and was killed, his famous warbonnet falling into the hands of the Pawnees.
In revenge the Sioux got up a great war party and attacked the Pawnees at their villages, killing one hundred people.
In later years Lieutenant G.K. Warren stated that in this fight the Sioux drove the Pawnees from their villages on Loup Fork and forced them to flee south of the Platte, but contemporary records seem to refute this assertion.
Indeed, the fight may not have been at the Pawnee permanent villages but at a Skidi hunting camp.
Joseph LaBarge was trading in the Skidi permanent village in 1832 and 1833 and does not mention the fight.
Maximilian heard of it in 1833, recording that a famous Sioux chief was killed by the Pawnees; and in a late fight the Sioux saw a Pawnee wearing this chief's warbonnet, which they attempted to recover by making a combined charge, but the man was mounted on a swift pony and got away from them.
The Sioux winter-counts record the death of Stiff-Leg-With-Warbonnet in 1832-1833, and he seemed to be the famous chief the Pawnees killed."

Hyde does not give a reference to his "son-father link" between Lone Horn and Stiff Leg With Warbonnet (d.1832).
But he must have some information/reference to this link.
My reading into Hyde's text is that here we have Oglala Lone Horn, which is in accord with the contemporary sources Eagle Elk (Lakota) and George Bent (Cheyenne).

Hyde makes a distinguish between Lone Horn and One Horn (Lone Horn killed by a buffalo in 1832).
But Hyde seems to fuse together the Mnikhówozu Lone Horn (chief of the Mnikhówozu 1859-1876) with the Oglala Lone Horn (son of Stiff leg With Warbonnet).


It is interesting to notice a statement from Alex Adams in Collier's field notes from 1939 [5]:
"The minikoZu were not called ogalala. They staid up north with the Itaziptco."
Perhaps this matter came up in relation to a possible Collier's confusion about Mnikhówozu vs. Oglala Lone Horn (and Mnikhówozu vs. Oglala High Backbone) ?


I think it is safe to say that we have several contemporary references to Mnikhówozu Lone Horn.
At least the one from the Mnikhówozu Walks Out in an interview with Collier in 1939 [6]:
"Belonged to the minikó*Zu, the chief of which was Lone Horn" and
"Lone Horn, chief of the minikoZu, was my MB." (MB = mother's brother).
(It would be very interesting to know the name of his mother (i.e. Walks Out's mother)).

Also from Lone Bull [7]:
"miniko*zu, a large band. ... Their chiefs were: a) ta*xtcahucte (Lame Deer), b) hewaZitca (Lone Horn or One Horn)"


So it seems to be certain that we have one Mnikhówozu Lone Horn and another Oglala Lone Horn.


References:
1. George Hyde: "The Pawnee Indians", Oklahoma Press (1988 (first published 1951)), pages 181-182.
2. Richard Hardorff: "The Death of Crazy Horse - A Tragic Episode In Lakota History", Bison Books (2001, first published 1998)), page 48.
Hardorff does not give a reference to this information, but Hyde's "The Pawnee Indians" [1] is a likely source.
3. Kingsley Bray in the thread Lakota vs. Comanche on this website
amertribes.proboards.com/thread/2133/lakota-comanche#ixzz3CBxCPZeE
4. Eagle Elk in an interview with Collier in 1939. Collier Field Notes, page 1
5. Alex Adams in an interiew with Collier in 1939. Collier Field Notes, page 30
6. Walks Out in an interview with Collier in 1939. Collier Field Notes, page 25
7. Lone Bull in an interview with Collier in 1939. Collier Field Notes, page 12

[hreinn]

Since it is the same Lakota name behind the English translations Lone Horn and One Horn.
I wonder if we have a reference to an Oglala Lone Horn / Oglala One Horn in a Meany interview with Red War Bonnett, see the quote below.
This One Horn seems to be a generation older than the One Horn we usually recognize as Mnikhówozu Lakota who was gored to death by a buffalo in 1834 or 1835.
This One Horn seems to be of the same generation as the Oglala chief Shoulder.
I agree that Shoulder in the Meany interview below is most likely the Oglala chief Shoulder who signed the 1825 treaty.
So this One Horn seems to have been an Oglala chief, just as Shoulder.
Shoulder was most likely born between 1765-1790.
Based on the age of his son Red War Bonnett (b.1809) , as given in the below Meany interview.
So this One Horn would most likely have been born within the circa same time interval as Shoulder.

Feb 27, 2014 20:44:02 GMT -5 ephriam said:

Here is a 1907 interview with Red War Bonnet, one of the signers of the 1868 Treaty at Fort Laramie:


Wounded Knee, S.D. 18 July 1907
John Monroe, Interpreter

Poor Bull or Red War Bonnet
Ta-wa-Pa-sha

98 years old
Ogalala Sioux lives at Wounded [Knee]

The first white man he saw was Choteau and the other was "Red Head," at the fork of Bad River which flows into the Missouri River, probably near Pierre. Choteau distributed swords among certain Indians who were to be Indian soldiers. His father was one who got a sword but he gave it to another warrior and he kept the American [flag?]. Red War Bonnet was 8 years [old] when the white man appeared.

His father lived at that time where they met the white man. His father's name was Shoulder. Shoulder's father lived across the Missouri river at a place called Holy Hill. He does not know his grandfather's name.
Shoulder was chief and also One Horn. He does not know who was chief before them.

His brother Whirlwind Track -- Wa-mini-yo-mini-o-ye succeeded his father Shoulder as chief. Red War Bonnet succeeded his brother Standing Bear as chief.

[hreinn]

There is still another reference to an Oglala One Horn.

This one is from Makula winter count, the entry for the year (winter) 1833.
As published in "The Museum of the Fur Trade Quarterly", Vol. 24, No.4, Winter 1988, p. 13.
Makula's 1833 winter count entry:

"One Horn broke his leg an Oglala priest"

It is interesting to notice who wrote this.
That is, Makula (aka Left Heron), who was a son of Walking Eagle who belonged to Wakpokiyan, Mnikhówozu band, which is the band which the "famous" Mnikhówozu Lone Horn belonged to.
So Makula was "close" to the brothers we usually recognize as Mnikhówozu One Horn and Lone Horn.
But still Makula refers to an Oglala One Horn in his 1833 winter count entry.
That is perhaps in accord with Makula's own identity as an Oglala [Mekeel Field Notes, page 48], even though Makula lived among the band of his father.
Makula's mother was born into Kunhinyan, Oglala.
Makula's father belonged to Wakpokiyan, Mnikhówozu.

From Mekeel Field Notes, page 48:
"Left Heron, however, refers to himself as an Oglala."


A further complicating factor.
Perhaps the 1833 entry was made by a former keeper of the winter count, but not Makula himself.

[grahamew]

There was a Lone Horn - perhaps a descendant - among Red Leaf's Wazazas in the Crazy Horse surrender ledger

[gregor]

I'm not quite sure if this Winter Count year ("One Horn broke his leg an Oglala priest") really refers to an Oglala individual.
There are many different Winter Counts which report the same Event, e.g.:

Winter Count	Winter	Name of the Year
Flame (Sans Arc/2Kettle)	1832/33	"Lone Horn's father broke his leg"
Lone Dog (Yanktonais)	1832/33	"Lone-Horn had his leg "killed"
Rosebud	1832/33	"Lone Horn or his father broke his leg"
Swan (Miniconjou)	1832/33	"A Minneconjou Dakota, Lone Horn's father, had his leg broken while running buffalo"
No Ears (Oglala)	1832/33	"One-horn broke his leg. (Hewanjica hu kawega)"

All interpreters of these Counts refer this event/year to the famous Lone Horn, painted by Catlin, who committed suicide on the plains. He accidentally caused the death of his only son and committed suicide by attacking a buffalo bull on foot with only a knife.
As far as I know interpreted Josephine Waggoner Makula's Winter Count and discribed it as "One Horn broke his leg, an Oglala priest". I'm not sure if she had the right information or informants on this.


upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c6/OneHornByGeorgeCaitlin1832.jpg

[hreinn]

Grahame and Gregor; interesting information.

Yes Grahame, you could be right about a possible relation/connection to Wazhazha.
I wonder if the entry for winter 1835-1836 in "Wajaje winter count" is referring to the death of "our Mnikhówozu" One Horn.
See page 131 in Mike Cowdrey's article "A Winter Count of the Wajaje Lakota 1758-59 to 1885-86" in the thread "Wajaje Lakota wintercount".
amertribes.proboards.com/thread/2313/wajaje-lakota-wintercount

Yes Gregor, it could be correct that the "Oglala priest" part in the winter count entry came from an interpreteder.

There seems to be 3 events related to the name One Horn/Lone Horn in the early 1830s.
I am not sure if all of those involved belonged to the same family or not.
The family which we are used to recognize as Mnikhówozu Lakota.

What happened:
1. someone broke his leg
2. One Horn's son died and One Horn blamed himself for it. What exactly happened there ?
3. One Horn ended his life by attacking a buffalo, only armed with a knife and was gored to death by buffalo

Who broke his leg ?
According to the above mentioned 6 winter counts, we have this statistics:
3 winter counts say: One Horn/Lone Horn
2 winter counts say: Lone Horn's father
1 winter counts says: either Lone Horn or his father

I wonder if this confusion about who broke his leg is because of name transfer from a father to a son.
I wonder if the one who broke his leg is the same person or a person who belonged to the same family as One Horn/Lone Horn who blamed himself for his son's death and was later gored to death by buffalo.