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Post by grahamew on Dec 8, 2022 12:00:57 GMT -5
I can´t find it, but I know we discussed the name before. The man is Tocaicu or Takes Enemy. Maybe the father of the one photographed by Kasebier? On one of the prints, it says something like Soldier at Red Cloud. I assume from the club that the caption refers to him being a Head Soldier in the Lakota sense rather than some kind of policeman. If he was from Red Cloud, I wonder if the image was taken when Cross photographed Red Cloud (in his Niobrara studio in 1881 or 82 according to Goodyear) rather than when/if he was on a visit to Spotted Tail: There is one other Cross photo of Red Cloud from the same session, but I haven't come across it online (though there is at least one later Red Cloud image allegedly by Cross). It's also interesting to see that this image taken in 1883 by Frank Bowman in New Haven, Connecticut, according to Goodyear, has been given the Cross treatment as far as the style of labelling goes. Perhaps, as Californian said above, another example of Cross copying and selling someone else's work:
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Post by grahamew on Dec 9, 2022 12:26:31 GMT -5
Later Cross photos - I suspect mid-late 1880s and beyond: Sicangu schoolchildren at St Francis Indian School, Rosebud, 1885 or 1888 School at Spotted Tail - so this should have gone in the earlier post! The lack of uniforms suggests this may be earlier I assume this is later but it may not be Cheyenne River Agency Crow Creek Rosebud I'm assuming this one comes from this period A later one: George Sword and other Pine Ridge Police, 1890 I imagine these studio images were taken during this period: White Buffalo Woman's Dress White Bird I wonder how many more there are in this series Little Hawk, Oglala An altogether different backdrop No date for this one. Aside from the man's 'civilian' clothing, this does have the look of those other village photos taken at Spotted Tail, though the 'summer quarters' annotation is at odds with the dates the Sinagu studio photos were taken, so maybe it is later... White Bull, Sans Arc. When is a Cross not a Cross? In this case, when it was taken by George W. Scott, probably circa 1884.
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Post by Dietmar on Dec 10, 2022 6:30:51 GMT -5
Grahame, thanks again for the pictures above. You already wondered why this backdrop is different: This portrait of Little Hawk was taken by Fuller Brothers studio of Rapid City in July 1889. Maybe Cross copied it.
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Post by grahamew on Dec 10, 2022 8:42:49 GMT -5
Thanks. That would certainly explain it.
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Post by grahamew on Dec 11, 2022 7:42:08 GMT -5
Somewhere along the line - late 80s-early 90s, I'd guess, Cross visited the Crow Agency and made some images: The horseman at the rear and at least some of the children appear in the first photo. Crow Agency, Montana These are the only Crow images by Cross that I've seen, but I guess there are more out there...
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Post by grahamew on Dec 11, 2022 7:45:34 GMT -5
Back to one of the images posted above: I've now seen this labelled 'Winter Quarters, Yankton Agency' but with no date. Here's one that should have been posted earlier: Issuing Cattle, Rosebud Agency - again, no date, but probably mid-late 80s I wonder if some of the Rosebud photographs weren't taken by Anderson...
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Post by grahamew on Dec 12, 2022 14:15:04 GMT -5
Cross arrived at Pine Ridge, on 16 January 1891 - the same time as JCH Grabill, incidentally. There are a number of Cross' post-Wounded Knee images, although I do wonder if he wasn't selling images made by others too. According to John E. Carter ( Eyewitness at Wounded Knee), there is no evidence to suggest either stayed on at Pine Ridge beyond 21 January. Pine Ridge Agency First Infantry Band outside General Miles' HQ, Pine Ridge, 19 Jan, 1891 The camp at Pine Ridge, Jan 18 Camp of the 7th Cavalry at Pine Ridge, Jan 19 Battery E Hotchkiss Gun, 18 Jan B Troop, 7th Cavalry, Pine Ridge, 18 Jan Lieutenant Sydney Cloman - probably taken 3 Jan 1891. The full frame version of this has that handwriten annotation common to Northwestern Photo Company images. Cross' later arrival at Pine Ridge meant he didn't take this photo, despite it having one of his mounts. Seventh Cavalry and 1st Infantry at Pine Ridge, 17 January General Brooke's camp on White Clay Creek, north of Pine Ridge Lieutenant Taylor (seated next to Philip Wells) and his Indian Scouts, Pine Ridge, 19 January. Left to right along the back row: Last Horse, White Deer, possibly Willard Standing Bear, No Neck, Plenty Wolves aka Yankton Charley, possibly Standing Soldier. See amertribes.proboards.com/thread/2157/charles-taylors-oglala-indian-scoutsView of Indian Camp, Pine Ridge, 17 Jan Chief Red Cloud's Home at Pine Ridge This one is in the Library of Congress and is credited to Cross: Home of Chief Red Cloud at Pine Ridge Agency. It seems to have been taken in the same session as the one above, though this image is missing the white man. However, the annotation on both matches that found on images copyrighted by Trager and Ford's Northwestern Photographic Company, who marketed the work of several photographers, including Clarence Moreledge (though neither of these are signed with Moreldge's CM monogram) and they don't have the usual style of text that Cross used on his images (and those of others when he sold them). George Sword and Wild West Show performers, Pine Ridge, January 1891 Variant on the above, containing three of the same individuals. As you can see, the written annotation is entirely incorrect, probably to attract a buyer. Moreover, notice it's on a Frederick Kuhn mount... I suspect this one was also taken on his 1891 visit to Pine Ridge and not in 1890: Indian Police, Pine Ridge
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Post by grahamew on Dec 13, 2022 13:35:25 GMT -5
The first of these would appear to be later images (i.e. mid-1880s or beyond), featuring people from Pine Ridge or Rosebud Pine Ridge Agency Indians Taken at an Omaha Dance at Rosebud As above As above - is that Turning Bear at the right in the bonnet? Omaha Dance. This one may be an earlier image Sun Dance at Pine Ridge - touched up somewhat and clearly a composite (look at the dark lines around the spectators); early 1880s. Though credited to Cross, they may have been taken by William Godkin The spectators at the front look like they belong to this photo rather than those featuring the Sun Dance; however, as you can see, the tipis have been 'drawn' in here
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Post by grahamew on Dec 13, 2022 15:11:55 GMT -5
These images of Lakota from Pine Ridge appear to have been taken at Cross' Hot Springs studio, late 1880s/early 1890s: This is an interesting image because there is an exterior photo, said to show Plenty Horses and a group of Lakota after Wounded Knee... Of course, it's a group with the Oglala Spotted Elk and Plenty Horses is nowhere to be seen and there's no photographer credited, but the older man in the bonnet and the man near the left with beastplate, holding the white hat are in the Cross photo above. Here they are again, photographed during the same session as above... Crazy Bear and his wife He also appears to have taken several exterior images of Pine Ridge Lakota visiting Hot Springs: Stilwell seems to have been a collector and seller of images made by others. I wonder if this is another - digital.denverlibrary.org/digital/collection/p15330coll22/id/27210 I had seen this image labelled as a Cross, but... You can see two of the same men here and this is a Locke (or maybe Locke and Peterson). You'll notice Locke's images are labelled in a similar fashion to those by Cross - unless, of course, Locke is selling one of Cross' photos... Judging from the background, I think this is another - and the man in the centre with the bells on his horse may be the same man to the right of the images above. Dated circa 1890.
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Post by Dietmar on Dec 15, 2022 16:35:59 GMT -5
Many interesting photos, Grahame. One of them is this: It shows White Bull, sitting horseback in a white shirt. Behind him sits Flying Chaser aka Kicking Bear (not the famous one). Young Eagle Bear is standing far right. Cross photographed these men 1905 in Hot Springs. The same men were photographed by D. S. Cole probably in the same time and place. Also interesting: in 1905 W. R. Cross` studio in Hot Springs was just opposite of Gillespie Hotel, which can be seen in the background.
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Post by grahamew on Dec 16, 2022 5:43:23 GMT -5
Thanks, Dietmar. I had no idea who the men were.
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Post by grahamew on Dec 17, 2022 17:13:50 GMT -5
Backing up what Californian said earlier, here are some interesting photos erroneously attributed to Cross... Rain in the Face is, I think, A portrait by George W. Scott; the Cody and Sitting Bull photo is by Notman and taken in 1885 during his (very) brief period working with Buffalo Bill Credited to Cross, this is most likely a Scott photo of Sitting Bull, though there (still) are those who claim it was taken by RL Kelly in 1883 when Sitting Bull visited Pierre, despite the fact it is known that Sitting Bull wore a white shirt at the time and here he wears a hat, plaid shirt and Metis-style jacket... My guess is that it was taken around 1886-8. Note the Cross mounts here. The photo of Gall is - again - by George W. Scott, though here, probably 1881-1884. Another case of Cross selling the work of others. Young Man Afraid of his Horses Credited to Cross, I've also seen this credited to Barry. It would seem to be a Goff photo.There is a full length portrait clearly taken at the same time, judging by the clothing and hair decoration, where the backdrop is the same as various Goff photos taken amongst the Crow, so I would guess this was taken on one of Young Man Afraid's visits to see his Crow relatives, probably mid-1880s:
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Post by Californian on Dec 17, 2022 17:37:32 GMT -5
the portrait of Sitting Bull, attributed to George W. Scott, wearing a hat with a monarch butterfly pinned to the front, I have a version with a period notation on the reverse giving the date as November 1889
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Post by grahamew on Dec 19, 2022 10:43:38 GMT -5
Genoa Indian Industrial School; Niobrara, Nebraska, circa 1888 Roast?
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Post by grahamew on Dec 20, 2022 16:12:22 GMT -5
Some miscellaneous Cross - or not... Spotted Tail's baby - from the series taken at Spotted Tail, February 1878 Tipis on Ponca Creek. Drying meat; tipi and poles Drying Meat; Indian on horseback. No date I've seen this one attributed to Cross: Crow Dog, his wife and daughter, 18 Jan 1891 - from the post-Wounded Knee series. However, this one is by Grabill... ... so who knows?
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