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Post by ladonna on Jul 29, 2008 12:16:27 GMT -5
Tatoka Iyanke, Chief Running Antelope When Running Antelope was born near the Grand River, presently South Dakota, in 1821, few white men were in the area. Consequently, he grew up in the old traditions of his people. He learned to ride and hunt, and later went on horse-stealing expeditions and war parties and joined the secret societies. By the time he reached manhood things had changed. The whites were more numerous, and the Indians were forced to adapt to the new conditions. Many Sioux took up arms and became strong in warfare; the Hunkpapas, one of the smaller bands of the Tetons, became one of the strongest. Running Antelope, however, was one of the first Hunkpapas to reject the warpath and become a friend of the whites. Running Antelope, in his earlier years, was closely allied with Sitting Bull, who was eleven years his junior. Running Antelope, a band chief, was prominent among the Lakota. In 1851, Running Antelope was elected one of four "shirt wearers" of the Hunkpapa. A shirt wearer served to intercede between the council and the headmen and akicita who carried out tribal policy and decisions. He was a brave warrior and accomplished diplomat. A great council with the Sioux was called at Fort Laramie and Fort Rice in 1868. Running Antelope signed the Treaty of 1868 at Fort Rice. It was often said that Running Antelope was the greatest orator of the Sioux Nation. He attended the Fort Laramie, Fort Rice and Fort Peck treaty councils. Under the influence of James McLaughlin, he became a dominant leader of the reservation Hunkpapa people at the Grand River Agency. He was enrolled in 1868 at Grand River Agency, later part of Standing Rock reservation in North and South Dakota. After the allotment period. Running Antelope established a settlement of about sixty families in the Grand River valley and opened a store. In his later years, he regretted signing the 1868 Treaty and longed for the time when the Lakota were free, and realigned with Sitting Bull. Late in 1880, the followers of Sitting Bull began to return from exile in Canada and in the spring of 1881, Running Antelope was enlisted as a scout in the army to go to Fort Buford to escort Gall and his followers to Standing Rock. He was chosen to lead the last great Sioux buffalo hunt in June, 1882. A large herd was sighted about a hundred miles west of Fort Yates, and a hunting of 2,000 men, women and children left the fort on June 10. The next morning the herd numbering approximately 50,000 buffalo was sighted and the hunt was on. About 2,000 were killed the first day, and the camp moved up to the scene of the hunt and the butchering began. The next day another 3,000 were killed and the camp settled in near a creek to jerk the meat and prepare pemmican. As usual when meat was plentiful, the labors of the Indian camp were lightened by feasting. In 1899, Running Antelope was pictured on the Five-Dollar Silver Certificate. He died between June 30, 1896 and June 30, 1897. He is buried at the Long Hill Cemetery east of Little Eagle, South Dakota. On the 1885 Standing Rock ration list He had 10 lodges and 42 people in his care. Wahacanka Sapa (Black Shield); Mato Luta (Red Bear); Edwin Phelps Aknan Iyanke (Runs on It); Mato Hotanka (Loud Voice Bear); Rlaya Wakua (Chase Rattling); Winkta Yuza (Married to Hermaphrodite); Cante Witko (Fool Heart); Pte San Waste Win (Pretty Grey Cow); Tatanka He Ksa (Broken Horn Bull);
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Post by ladonna on Jul 30, 2008 8:57:47 GMT -5
Running Antelope (Tatoka Iyanka), Running Antelope was born ca. 1820, the son of a Hunkpapa father and a Sihasapa (Blackfoot Sioux) mother. His paternal grandfather was also named Running Antelope although an accomplished warrior, came to prominence as an advocate for peace. In 1851, Running Antelope assumed the role of one of four “shirt wearers” of the Hunkpapa, a role of diplomacy and negotiation. A great orator, Running Antelope utilized his skills at treaty councils at Fort Laramie, Fort Rice and Fort Peck. He was also noted for being featured on the U.S. five dollar silver certificate. Running Antelope died in 1896 or 1897.
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Post by Dietmar on Aug 2, 2008 8:09:03 GMT -5
Running Antelope by A. Gardner in 1872 Some more thoughts about Running Antelope. This information is merely from books, so wonder if they create a correct image of this controversial Lakota leader: Running Antelope must have been an outstanding warrior in his youth. He went along war parties for example against the Crow, described by Stanley Vestal/Walter Campbell in “Sitting Bull” (p. 45). He was one of the four shirt-wearers chosen by the Hunkpapa in 1851. Thereafter he seem to felt more like a peacemaker and according to author Robert Larson was “held in high esteem even by Sitting Bull because of his effectiveness in intertribal conflicts” (see Larson: “Gall”, p. 182). In 1868 he was one of the Lakota leaders who accompanied and guided Father DeSmet to the so called “hostile” Hunkpapa camps lead by Sitting Bull. Until then Running Antelope, like other of the four shirt-wearers, had weakened their office by personal faults. It is said he himself had eloped with another man´s wife. Nevertheless after 1868 he became one of the leading reservation chiefs among other Hunkpapas like Thunder Hawk and Broken Bear´s Rib II. And like Sihasapa leader John Grass, he lost his reputation among the bands who tried to stay away from the reservations. Sitting Bull therefore called him a witko (fool): “He made treaties and allowed the white man to come in and occupy our land.” (see Utley, “The Lance and the Shield”, p. 240) In the 1880ies, when all Hunkpapas groups had lost their free life and had went to the agencies, Running Antelope was overshadowed by Gall as the leading ”government chief”, who was even more successful in working with the agent at Standing Rock. Running Antelope, as Utley put it, “wanted to please everyone. As “the silver tongued orator of the Sioux Nation,” in a newsman´s expression, he often appeared at public functions, but as an admirer of Sitting Bull and a champion of traditional was, he saw Gall supplant him in the esteem of the agent.” (Utley, p.251) By 1884 Running Antelope had founded a little settlement at the Grand River with about sixty families named Little Eagle. He even had opened a little store. When the Congregationalists church built a church in 1885 he became a Christian.
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Post by Dietmar on Aug 2, 2008 8:13:10 GMT -5
... photos from SIRIS: profile portrait in 1872
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Post by jinlian on Aug 2, 2008 10:28:08 GMT -5
I have this picture of Running Antelope as an older man, but don't remember when and by whom it was taken.
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Post by Dietmar on Aug 4, 2008 16:28:46 GMT -5
jinlian, the above image you posted is an edit of an David F. Barry photograph. Here are other photos of Running Antelope: Running Antelope & Rain-in-the-Face 1881 Running Antelope as an older man (from Glenbow Archives) by an unknown photographer
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Post by jinlian on Aug 4, 2008 16:43:19 GMT -5
Thanks Dietmar. Think that I can't even remember that specific photograph...
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Post by ladonna on Aug 27, 2008 8:39:56 GMT -5
I am still looking at Running Antelope history because Rain-In-The-Face was his cousin. Their fathers were brothers, Bear Face and Running Antelope II. I think Running Antelope was the Third to carry that name.
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Post by grahamew on Aug 28, 2008 3:36:28 GMT -5
The unknown photographer in Dietmar's post is Gilbert. Here's Hamilton's Running Antelope with Two Bears:
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Post by Dietmar on May 25, 2015 3:18:08 GMT -5
Cowan´s Auctions have this newly found portrait of Running Antelope on display:
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Post by Dietmar on May 25, 2015 3:28:00 GMT -5
Running Antelope by D. F. Barry: Running Antelope by Haynes, 1881:
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Post by carlo on May 6, 2020 15:11:52 GMT -5
This is the "Autobiography of Running Antelope", collected by W. J. Hoffman, M.D., A.A. Surgeon U.S. Army, at Grand River Agency (later Standing Rock Reservation) in 1872-73.
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Post by Californian on Dec 18, 2020 0:36:28 GMT -5
Alexander Gardner portrait of Running Antelope, Washington DC 1872 click onto image to enlarge
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Post by Californian on Dec 18, 2020 0:37:54 GMT -5
another version - this one in profile click onto image to enlargeAlexander Gardner portrait of Running Antelope, Washington DC 1872 click onto image to enlargeView Attachment
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