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Post by ephriam on Feb 28, 2010 16:49:31 GMT -5
Dare I stir up the debate about High Bear again? Sorry to have missed out on the great conversation!
The portrait of High Bear by D.S. Mitchell has been published by several authors (including Hardorff and Sprague) as being of the Minneconjou/Sans Arc headman who surrendered at the Spotted Tail Agency in 1877. However, I do not think it is. Mitchell worked exclusively at the Red Cloud Agency -- any photographs by him from the Spotted Tail Agency are conspicuously missing. The Minneconjou/Sans Arc High Bear did visit Red Cloud on a few occasions, so it is possible but not probable.
I think it is more likely however that the photograph by Mitchell is of the Southern Oglala leader High Bear. Born about 1839 or 1840, this High Bear was closely related to the Little Wound family in some way, either by blood or marriage. He is listed in Little Wound's band, the Kuinyan, in the 1890 Pine Ridge Agency census. We do know that this High Bear's brother was Old Mexican, but otherwise I have not been able to link him positively to the Little Wound family.
By the 1870s, the Kiyuksa or Cut-Offs (sometimes broadly termed the Southern Oglala), recognized four shirt wearers, including Little Wound, Whistler and others. High Bear was the akicita itancan or head soldier of the group. He is mentioned occasionally in army and agency correspondence regarding hunting rights on the Republican River, including the New York Times article cited above from 1874. The Adair diary is new to me, but no doubt this is referring to this same individual.
This High Bear initially settled at the Red Cloud Agency following the loss of the Republican River hunting grounds. He signed the Black Hills treaty in 1876 and lived the remainder of his life on the Pine Ridge Agency. He died October 3, 1915.
I have not been able to find a later photograph of this Kiyuksa Oglala High Bear to confirm, but with the information currently available, I that the D. S. Mitchell portrait is probably of him.
ephriam
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Post by Dietmar on Mar 1, 2010 9:50:18 GMT -5
Thanks Ephriam, here is Mitchell´s High Bear: High Bear by Daniel S. Mitchell 1877 Grahame suggested that this could be the same man: High Bear
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Post by mattgrimley on Mar 25, 2011 10:24:45 GMT -5
Sorry to come to this ancient thread.. i hope you guys don't take offence at my posting in a thread that is many years old.. I'm from England and i have recently spent some time sifting through my Grandmothers photo collection and i came across this image which on the reverse (in the photographer's (my great great grandfather) own writing) describes the chap being photographed as: Sioux Indian "High Bear" Pine Ridge Agency, Nebraska in the (18)90's The family tail has it that this guy came across to England with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show - during which time they visited the town of Salford and "High Bear" posed for this shot. Whilst his nose seems very similar to the "high bear" at the start of this thread, i'm not convinced it is the same guy at all.. I'm posting for two reasons really, first; i'd hate to think i have the only copy of a wonderful picture that might be of interest to someone else and second; obviously, i'd love to know more about the guy! Matt High Quality Link
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Post by Dietmar on Mar 25, 2011 10:47:46 GMT -5
Matt,
welcome to our boards! Don´t worry, it´s very much appreciated to revive old threads.
What a great photograph! Haven´t seen it before. I agree that this High Bear is not the same man as in the Huffman photo. But the strong resemblence leads me to the conclusion that 1. this possibly could be a son of the man in the Huffman picture and 2. this is another hint that Huffman´s High Bear is Oglala and later settled at Pine Ridge.
Thanks for sharing
Dietmar
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Post by aurelia on Aug 24, 2011 14:07:12 GMT -5
regarding High Bear - when did he come into the Agency? What other information do you have regarding him? I'm interested because my great, great Grandfather's name was High Bear he was registered on Cheyenne River December 29, 1876. There were two groups who came in together High Bear with 8 men, 11 women and 30 children a total of 49 persons with 103 horses. The other was Leaf with 11 men, 17 women, and 50 children. A total of 19 men, 28 women, and 80 children with a total of 78 persons and 119 horses. High Bear is listed as being 49 years old... I found this information at the National Archives this summer. They are listed as Miniconju...
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Post by aurelia on Aug 30, 2011 9:16:54 GMT -5
The High Bear who was my Great, Great Grandfather was married to two sisters - Cleans As She Comes and Corn Stalk Woman he died before land was alloted. Both his wives and children received payment for the ponies that were taken. I know there was another High Bear on Cheyenne River because there are members of the tribe with that family name - they are not related to us at all... my interest is in these names High Bear, Leaf, and Corn. I'm interested in Corn because he is listed as the guardian for three of High Bear's minor children. I also know that there are seven graves on my families land that belong to the Corn family... This part of my family are Miniconju...
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Post by kingsleybray on Aug 30, 2011 15:21:46 GMT -5
Hi Aurelia
First of all, your High Bear is listed several times in the early Cheyenne River Agency records. He is first mentioned in the lodge tally of Miniconjous at the agency in Nov. 1871, where his name clusters with families (Bull Head, Bear that Goes Out, One that Has Horns) who we know were related to the Corn family.
The January 1875 agency census includes him with a small band of eight lodges.
He is listed as a Miniconjou chief or band headman in the Cheyenne River census conducted by the military in Sept. 1876. His band, again eight lodges, 30 people, is listed right after the band of Leaf. High Bear's age is given as 49 - born ca. 1827 - Leaf's as 46 (born c. 1830).
In the December 1876 revision of the census, the bands of High Bear and Leaf are observed to be consolidated with that of Swan (Paul Swan or White Swan - see that family thread under Miniconjou). My friend Chris Ravenshead spoke to a lot of the old folks at Cherry Creek and other communities, in the early 1990s; they told him that Swan's band was the Glaglahecha (Slovenly) band. So it looks like High Bear's family-band was a sub-band within the larger Glaglahecha band.
On December 29 the military retook the agency census yet again. High Bear is shown living in one (crowded) tipi, 15 people. The six men are named as follows: High Bear The Corn Shows [?] Dress Select or Coffee The Knife Scabbard Up the Creek
So you get a name check on Corn there. I am interested to know if there is a connection between this Corn, his family, and the Corn (Miniconjou chief) painted by George Catlin in 1832.
Below is a miscellany of notes including records for Corn and High Bear. Hope it helps.
Miscellaneous census information on High Bear, Corn - taken from my NOTES ON THE CRAZY HORSE GENEALOGY (also on American-tribes.com):
June 1871, Corn Man listed at Fort Laramie council, next to Two Buffaloes (cf. Two Bulls below). December 1871, Corn Man living at Red Cloud Agency, classified as "Ogallalla", head of four lodges, 32 people, has received 1871 annuity goods. March, 1874: Red Cloud Agency Lodge tally (for ration issue) for winter 1873-74 lists Corn Man as head of five lodges, in Oyukhpe ("Oucapees") band. March, 1874: Red Cloud Agency Census lists Corn Man, family total 8 people. January 1, 1875: Spotted Tail Agency census lists Corn, family total 16 people. November 1876, Red Cloud Agency Census: Corn listed as one of four men in lodge no. 56 of Oglala Loafer band (other men: Kills the Enemy; Day; Wolf on Hill). Please note co-occurrence of Day, who is listed near High Bear in Dec. 1872 Cheyenne River Agency farming list. December 29, 1876: Cheyenne River Agency census for Miniconjous includes (p. 140) family led by High Bear: men include The Corn, and Select or Coffee (also Shows Dress, The Knife Scabbard, and Up the Creek). Of these only High Bear (2 Women, 3 Children) and Up the Creek (3 Women, 1 Child) has dependents listed. This is significant because of the co-occurrence of Coffee (cf. Spotted Tail Agency Census for May-June and December 1877).* May 15, 1877: "Corn Man's Wife and daughter" listed as at Red Cloud on 4-day pass from Spotted Tail Agency, pass issued May 10 (sic) May-June 1877: Spotted Tail Agency Census lists in Brule Band household consisting of three men: Corn Man, Coffee, and (as interlinear addition) Two Bull, plus these relatives: Corn Man has 4 Women, 7 Boys, 3 Girls, for a total of 16 (evidently including Two Bull); Coffee has 1 Woman, 1 Boy, for a total of 3. December 1877: Spotted Tail Agency census (p. 77) lists in Brule band household consisting of Corn Man (head of family), plus 5 women, 3 Boys, 4 Girls; and Two Bull, plus 2 Women, 1 Boy, for a total of 17. (Nb Coffee is listed separately in same band, plus 1 Woman, plus man Call Relation, for a total of 3.) October 26, 1878, Spotted Tail Agency Census (p. 126) lists Corn Man/Two Bull family as among Brules who have left the agency since the census of December 31, 1877; destination not recorded. 1890 Pine Ridge Census: lists family of Corn Man, age 68 (born 1822), wife Iron Leg (born 1833), son Trailer, Oyetawicape (born 1864), in Melt Band, White Clay District; lists family of Two Bulls, age 48 (born 1842), in Sahiyela Wakpa Community, White Clay District. 1891 Pine Ridge Census, Family 305, White Clay Dist.: lists family of Corn Man, Wahuwapa Wicasa, Male, Father of Family, Age 67, wife Iron Neck, Tahu maza, age 67, nephew Two Bulls, age 53. 1891 Rosebud Census: Corn listed as family head in Brule no. 2 Band (non- progressive), age 76 (born 1815). * Please note re Cheyenne River Agency entry: High Bear (age 49: born 1827) was a headman or naca with a tiyospaye of eight lodges in the September 1876 Census (p.50-51). Among the lodge heads was Womans Dress (age 28: born 1848 – this is not the man implicated in the plot against Crazy Horse in 1877), Knife Scabbard (born 1846), Selected the Enemy (born 1850: presumably Select=Coffee). The latter's family was 2 Women, 1 Boy, 2 Girls. At some point in the fall of 1876 most of the tiyospaye left, because the contents pages of the Census amend the lodge total to 2 lodges. As of ca. Nov. 1876 High Bear had only his own lodge present, but he is still rated as a headman "Consolidated with Swan's band", i.e. the Glaglaheca band of Miniconjous. The December tally indicates that several men of the tiyospaye (without their families) have returned, and are living in High Bear's tipi.
Cheyenne River Census of December 1876 has amendment for Coffee: " 'Coffee' left Agency Sept. 8th 1878, destination New Red Cloud Agency, D.T." Nb that during September 1878 the Oglalas departed White River Forks to go to their new approved agency site at Pine Ridge. Note also this was the month for the Giveaway when Crazy Horse's soul was released (at Rosebud – just before departure for Pine Ridge?). Coffee would have been a 'younger brother' of Crazy Horse (as mother's sister's son).
Coffee is important because a man of this name (Coffee # 2) is said to have been the son of Looks At Her II (sister of Crazy Horse).
It is worth noting that the November 1871 Lodge Roll for Cheyenne River Agency lists together:
Lodge 116 The high Bear Lodge 117 The bull Head Lodge 118 The Bear that goes out. . . . Lodge 129 The one that has horns
Please note that heirship papers establish that Bull Head (born 1831) had brothers: Bear Coming Out; and Has Horn, whose son was Charles Corn (born 1853). Has Horn was therefore probably born a little before 1830. All these names cluster on the 1871 Miniconjou roll, with High Bear again occurring with what we might call the Corn affinity. Note also that High Bear is "consolidated" with Swan's Glaglaheca band of Miniconjou in 1876, while in the January 1875 Cheyenne River Census his band (including Picked it out, i.e. = Select/Coffee) is grouped with tiyospaye linked to Makes Room (father of Joseph White Bull), i.e. the Inyanaoin band of Miniconjou. Note that the December 6, 1872 report of Cheyenne River Agent lists CRA people who have started farming. Note no. 112 High Bear, clustered near several names also clustered in the 1871 Lodge Roll, e.g. Holy Bear (cf. The Bear that is considered medicine); Little Bull; The one that makes him walk; Crow Woman (also 1875).
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Post by kingsleybray on Aug 30, 2011 15:23:51 GMT -5
Further note, Aurelia:
you note one of High Bear's wives as Corn Stalk Woman. Could it be that Corn was her brother, and High Bear's brother-in-law?
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