Post by kingsleybray on Sept 10, 2011 3:49:56 GMT -5
jhafnor asked for some help constructing a timeline and spaceline for this band (see the Wazhazha named Elk Robe thread under Oglala).
First some back story. In 1804 Lewis & Clark and trader P.A. Tabeau both assigned three large or primary bands to the Miniconjou tribe. Remember that each of these bands numbered several hundred people. That means that each of them actually comprised a cluster of related sub-bands or tiyoshpaye.
The three bands in 1804 were
1. Miniconjou proper
2. Tarcoehparh
3. Wanonwaktonila
No. 3 is our link here. The name means something like to kill accidentally, without intending it. Significance? - don't know. Stripping out a lot of ifs and maybes, this group consists of a number of sub-bands including the following:
(a) Wanonwaktonila proper
(b) Wanhin-wega, Broken Arrow
(c) Keze-Shicha, Bad Barbs, Bad Arrowheads
(d) Oohe-nompa, Two Kettle
(e) Shunka-yuteshni, Eat No Dogs.
In fact the man tabled by Lewis & Clark as chief of the whole band, No Heart I, bears a dynastic name - a successor in the 1850s is named as one of the Eat No Dogs chiefs.
In 1839 Nicollet states that the Wanonwaktonila band, then 80 lodges (about 600 people), live on the Belle Fourche river and at Bear Butte. He names No Heart II and Four Bears as chiefs. This is the last namecheck for the Wanonwaktonila band. In 1840 S. R. Riggs lists the Shunkayuteshni OR Two Kettles. Basically the band broke up maybe piecemeal across the frame end 1830s-through early 1840s.
The main demographic result was the crystalisation of an independent new band or small tribal division - the Two Kettle oyate (nation), whose first major chief was Four Bears named by Nicollet. There was no clean break - parts of all those sub-bands I listed above joined this new grouping. Indeed part of the Eat No Dogs formed a founding tiyoshpaye of the Two Kettles, following the leadership of Long Mandan. He incidentally was by birth a Sihasapa, married into the Wanonwaktonila in the 1830s. His name may indicate prominent membership of the Miwatani, a society reserved for senior males (Lakota equivalent of Dog society).
The Two Kettles were largely welcoming to American traders and other personnel, many settling near trading posts on the Missouri and noted for trapping for fine furs.
But not all of the old Wanonwaktonila joined the new entity. In 1825 Col. Atkinson had characterised the band as having a reputation for being "refractory" and "ungovernable". From the viewpoint of US administrators that descrption would continue apposite into reservation times.
Many of the Wanonwaktonila scattered out joining other tribal divisions. Hence, carlo, some of the "Bad Arrows" being identified with the Sihasapa Lakota. Others were identified with Sitting Bull's Hunkpapa band - the Bad Bows, a name perhaps hinting at some sort of earlier-phase connection? Still more joined the Brules and Oglalas.
Two sub-bands of the old Wanonwaktonila remained associated with the Miniconjous, the Eat No Dogs, led by No Heart II and III, and the Broken Arrows.
During the 1850s - the decade of Stands For Them's birth - the Miniconjou tribe had two main wintering divisions, Upper and Lower. Such geographical divisions typically comprised several bands or parts of them. The Lower group tended to winter on or near the Missouri, the Upper west of the Black Hills. One popular location was along the upper Little Missouri river, where Montana, Wyoming and both Dakotas meet today. Joseph White Bull remarked several times to Stanley Vestal that his Miniconjou band, the Inyana-owin, and the Eat No Dogs band, then associated with chief Black Shield, wintered near each other along the Little Missouri.
This group was then in a good position to participate in the Lakota advance toward the Powder River and Yellowstone valley in the years of Stands For Them's boyhood.
Note however that a minority of Eat No Dogs, identified with No Heart III and a headman called The Hard (aka Kills First), resisted this move and tightened their ties to the Missouri valley trading posts. Consequently they were among the groups to locate permanently at Cheyenne River Agency after the Treaty of 1868.
The main Eat No Dogs camp, associated with chief Black Shield (one of the six wichasha itanchan or band chieftains seated by the Miniconjou tribal council in 1853), and with younger warriors like Hump, was mainly in the Powder River Country in the 1860s and right through to the Great Sioux War. I'll post some more details about that period, of Stands For Them's youth and young manhood, later.
On numbers. Lt GK Warren in 1855 rated the main Miniconjou tribe as 200 lodges, and he assigned 164 (strangely precise!) lodges to the Eat No Dogs. This is a phenomenally large number. Again cutting out the clues and maybes, I think Warren's informant is including the Oglala Oyuhpe band in his reckoning. That band was rated at 100 lodges in 1839 (Nicollet again) and in 1867 (G.P. Beauvais information). The difference, 60 or 70 lodges assigned to the core Eat No Dogs, feels right to me. Still a large band. The resulting c. 270 lodges for Miniconjou+Eat No Dogs also fits discernible demographic patterns.
Ok, over and out til later.
Kingsley
First some back story. In 1804 Lewis & Clark and trader P.A. Tabeau both assigned three large or primary bands to the Miniconjou tribe. Remember that each of these bands numbered several hundred people. That means that each of them actually comprised a cluster of related sub-bands or tiyoshpaye.
The three bands in 1804 were
1. Miniconjou proper
2. Tarcoehparh
3. Wanonwaktonila
No. 3 is our link here. The name means something like to kill accidentally, without intending it. Significance? - don't know. Stripping out a lot of ifs and maybes, this group consists of a number of sub-bands including the following:
(a) Wanonwaktonila proper
(b) Wanhin-wega, Broken Arrow
(c) Keze-Shicha, Bad Barbs, Bad Arrowheads
(d) Oohe-nompa, Two Kettle
(e) Shunka-yuteshni, Eat No Dogs.
In fact the man tabled by Lewis & Clark as chief of the whole band, No Heart I, bears a dynastic name - a successor in the 1850s is named as one of the Eat No Dogs chiefs.
In 1839 Nicollet states that the Wanonwaktonila band, then 80 lodges (about 600 people), live on the Belle Fourche river and at Bear Butte. He names No Heart II and Four Bears as chiefs. This is the last namecheck for the Wanonwaktonila band. In 1840 S. R. Riggs lists the Shunkayuteshni OR Two Kettles. Basically the band broke up maybe piecemeal across the frame end 1830s-through early 1840s.
The main demographic result was the crystalisation of an independent new band or small tribal division - the Two Kettle oyate (nation), whose first major chief was Four Bears named by Nicollet. There was no clean break - parts of all those sub-bands I listed above joined this new grouping. Indeed part of the Eat No Dogs formed a founding tiyoshpaye of the Two Kettles, following the leadership of Long Mandan. He incidentally was by birth a Sihasapa, married into the Wanonwaktonila in the 1830s. His name may indicate prominent membership of the Miwatani, a society reserved for senior males (Lakota equivalent of Dog society).
The Two Kettles were largely welcoming to American traders and other personnel, many settling near trading posts on the Missouri and noted for trapping for fine furs.
But not all of the old Wanonwaktonila joined the new entity. In 1825 Col. Atkinson had characterised the band as having a reputation for being "refractory" and "ungovernable". From the viewpoint of US administrators that descrption would continue apposite into reservation times.
Many of the Wanonwaktonila scattered out joining other tribal divisions. Hence, carlo, some of the "Bad Arrows" being identified with the Sihasapa Lakota. Others were identified with Sitting Bull's Hunkpapa band - the Bad Bows, a name perhaps hinting at some sort of earlier-phase connection? Still more joined the Brules and Oglalas.
Two sub-bands of the old Wanonwaktonila remained associated with the Miniconjous, the Eat No Dogs, led by No Heart II and III, and the Broken Arrows.
During the 1850s - the decade of Stands For Them's birth - the Miniconjou tribe had two main wintering divisions, Upper and Lower. Such geographical divisions typically comprised several bands or parts of them. The Lower group tended to winter on or near the Missouri, the Upper west of the Black Hills. One popular location was along the upper Little Missouri river, where Montana, Wyoming and both Dakotas meet today. Joseph White Bull remarked several times to Stanley Vestal that his Miniconjou band, the Inyana-owin, and the Eat No Dogs band, then associated with chief Black Shield, wintered near each other along the Little Missouri.
This group was then in a good position to participate in the Lakota advance toward the Powder River and Yellowstone valley in the years of Stands For Them's boyhood.
Note however that a minority of Eat No Dogs, identified with No Heart III and a headman called The Hard (aka Kills First), resisted this move and tightened their ties to the Missouri valley trading posts. Consequently they were among the groups to locate permanently at Cheyenne River Agency after the Treaty of 1868.
The main Eat No Dogs camp, associated with chief Black Shield (one of the six wichasha itanchan or band chieftains seated by the Miniconjou tribal council in 1853), and with younger warriors like Hump, was mainly in the Powder River Country in the 1860s and right through to the Great Sioux War. I'll post some more details about that period, of Stands For Them's youth and young manhood, later.
On numbers. Lt GK Warren in 1855 rated the main Miniconjou tribe as 200 lodges, and he assigned 164 (strangely precise!) lodges to the Eat No Dogs. This is a phenomenally large number. Again cutting out the clues and maybes, I think Warren's informant is including the Oglala Oyuhpe band in his reckoning. That band was rated at 100 lodges in 1839 (Nicollet again) and in 1867 (G.P. Beauvais information). The difference, 60 or 70 lodges assigned to the core Eat No Dogs, feels right to me. Still a large band. The resulting c. 270 lodges for Miniconjou+Eat No Dogs also fits discernible demographic patterns.
Ok, over and out til later.
Kingsley