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Post by cinemo on Jun 2, 2016 13:16:21 GMT -5
Hello chicheman,
thank you very much for sharing of this important information.
A very special thanks to Dr. Kavanagh or Esimotsoraivo , who has given us that explanation .
cinemo
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Post by cinemo on May 22, 2016 12:29:53 GMT -5
Quanah Parker - his Comanche name
Lately I was reading an article in a german history magazine . Partially in that article were mentioned the Comanches and Quanah Parker. The Comanche language name for Quanah Parker was given as "Tis – tcha - quanah „ ; translated in english „ Stinking Belly “ .
Unfortunately , the author has not given a source for that assertion.
Personally I think, this assertion is wrong , any thoughts ?
cinemo
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Post by cinemo on May 15, 2016 7:33:51 GMT -5
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Post by cinemo on Apr 17, 2016 10:58:09 GMT -5
Quote : << I am also searching for anyone who can give me any insight as to what happened to everyone AFTER the trial was over. >>
At first, I will set straight the photograph, taken in Lawrence, Kansas. ( see above the first post by jones )
That photograph was not taken in October 1879, but between June 25, and July 4, 1879 .
Why ?
The Cheyenne prisoners were relocated to Lawrence on June 25, 1879 . Old Crow was released on July 4, and brought back to Oklahoma. Therefore, that photograph was taken in this short period. Furthermore, General Miles achieved the release of the prisoners' wives and children. Thus, Old Crow and the wives and children were no longer present in Lawrence in summer and fall .
After the trial, all other six prisoners returned to Oklahoma by the end of October. In July 1883, after some negotiation with the government, all prisoners moved toward Montana, except Old Crow. On the journey, there was a layover in Pine Ridge. Presumably, Wild Hog remained in Pine Ridge, while all the others of the prisoners moved on to Montana.
cinemo
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Post by cinemo on Apr 3, 2016 13:05:16 GMT -5
Hello Carlo,
I think, the primary reason were inconsistencies regarding tribal boundaries, that were determinated by the US - commissaries .
cinemo
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Post by cinemo on Feb 21, 2016 8:16:01 GMT -5
Shingas, his proper name was rather Shingask, translates roughly into English as "boggy or marshy ground overgrown with grass." . His person was small, but in point of courage, activity and savage prowess, he was said to have never been exceeded by any one. Shingas was courageous all right, but he was very kind to his prisoners. As a peace loving man forced into combat, he was gentle when he could, but also hard if he had to. In 1753, when Washington was on his expedition to fight the French on the Ohio (Allegheny), Shingas had his house at Kitanning. King Shingas was at Fort Duquesne when Colonel Armstrong destroyed Kitanning. In 1756 the Governor of Pennsylvania set a price of 200 pounds for the scalp of Shingas. His date of death is unknown. He probably died from smallpox contracted from infected British blankets about 1763, given to the Delaware as an early form of germ welfare ( 1 ). On 19 August 1766, David Franks listed King Shingess in the war losses.
Speech of Shingas at Kuskuskies, 1758 :
The English and the French fight for lands that belong to neither, but to the Indians, and this fighting is taking place in the land the Great Spirit has given us.The English intend to destroy us and take our lands, but the land is ours and not theirs. ... It is you that have begun the war. ... We love you more than you love us, for when we take any prisoners from you, we treat them as our own children. We are poor, and we cloathe them as well as we can, though you see our children are as naked as at the first. By this you may see that our hearts are better than yours. ... Why do not you and the French fight in the old country and on the sea? Why do you come to fight on our land? ... You want to take the land from us by force, and settle it. Thewhite people think we have no brains in our heads.
Note :
1. Excerpt of William Trent's journal at Fort Pitt ( June, 24, 1763 ) :
...Out of our regard to them ( the Delawares ) we gave them two Blankets and an Handkerchief out of the Small Pox hospital. I hope, it will have the desired efect...
cinemo
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Post by cinemo on Jan 10, 2016 11:57:06 GMT -5
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Post by cinemo on Jan 10, 2016 11:45:35 GMT -5
British Columbia The Tsilhqot'in people, whose territory is on what is called the Chilcotin Plateau, had had relatively little contact with Europeans before the gold rush around 1858. They pursued their traditional lifestyle of hunting and fishing, moving throughout their lands between the Coast Mountains and the Fraser River. They did not participate in the fur trade. The Hudson's Bay Company tried to encourage them by building Fort Chilcotin within their territories, with little success. The last trader there, Donald McLean, became well-known for his often intolerant treatment of First Nations people. When more Europeans started entering their territory in the early 1860s, the Tsilhqot'in tolerated them. They traded with the newcomers and worked for them packing and guiding. Most of the men who came just passed through, but one, named William Manning, stayed. He built a cabin at Puntzi Lake on a traditional Tsilqoh'tin camping site and began a farm. He is said to have threatened the Tsilhqot'in by saying he would bring back smallpox. Not long after, smallpox did come. In 1862, an epidemic struck the Tsilhqot'in with devastating consequences. Hundreds died within a few short weeks. Villages were empty except for the dead bodies. Making matters worse, two businessmen took the discarded blankets that had wrapped the sick and dying, and sold them, unwashed, to other Tsilhqot'in. Another smallpox outbreak was kindled. It is estimated that between half and two-thirds of the Tsilhqot'in population died in 1862 and 1863. At the same time, a Victoria businessman named Alfred Waddington began his dream of building a road from the coast at Bute Inlet, up the treacherous Homathko River, across the Chilcotin, and into the Cariboo. The colonial government gave him a licence to build the wagon road, but it did not consult the First Nations people of the region, nor did it pay them any kind of compensation. The events which sparked the Chilcotin War began in the spring of 1864. Some Tsilhqot'in people, smallpox survivors, were still ill and starving when they came to Waddington's camps to work in exchange for muskets and food. They were treated badly, thrown only scraps of food or given none at all. The foreman, William Brewster, is said to have thrown his scraps into the fire rather than give them to the starving people. Brewster is believed to have ignited the violence of that spring through his actions. Returningto the Homathko River after the winter break, the road builders discovered that their store of flour had been taken. They searched far and wide for the culprits. Finally they questioned some Tsilhqot'in men. After a long delay, one man said, "You are in our country; you owe us bread." The man in charge of the builders, probably Brewster,demanded to know the names of all the Tsilhqot'in people. He wrote them down. "I have taken down your names," he told them, "because you would not tell who stole the flour. All the Chilcotins are going to die. We shall send sickness into the country, which will kill them." The act of writing down names was still mysterious and magical to many First Nations people at this time. Papers with written words seemed to hold power. This act, in addition to the threat of smallpox, frightened the people. Had not William Manning's threats come true? News of the encounter passed quickly to the leading Tsilhqot'in chief, Lhatsas?in (sometimes written Klatsassan). He was the most powerful war chief among the Tsilhqot'in, said to be so fearsome that children ran away when they saw him. By April 1864, he decided that he had to defend his territories and stop the Europeans from crossing Tsilqoh'tin land. Newcomers were entering Tsilhqot'in land without paying any compensation. They brought diseases that threatened to wipe out his people completely. He and his followers declared war on the interlopers. They did not necessarily act for all Tsilhqot'in people in their actions, but they were acting for the future of them all. What followed was seen as wanton and savage acts of violence by colonial society. Considered in another light, however, they were a series of strategic attacks conducted according to the practices of warfare. Lhatsas?in and about twelve warriors carried out three attacks on the Homathko River construction camp at the end of April, 1864. Thirteen men were killed, including Brewster. Two more attacks, this time back in Chilcotin country, left five British dead. One was William Manning, the rancher. The Tsilqoh'tin warriors were resisting the invasion of their lands; they were defending their land and culture. The European immigrant settlers saw these as unprovoked and unwarranted attacks. The newly appointed governor of British Columbia, Frederick Seymour, felt compelled to take swift action. He sent out two hastily formed military groups. One moved eastward from the coast at Bella Coola, and Seymour accompanied this contingent himself. The other group came westward from the Cariboo under Gold Commissioner William Cox. His second-in-command was the old fur trader Donald McLean, called out of retirement. From June through August nearly 200 colonial troops searched for the men they called murderers. One of the casualties was McLean, shot while he was scouting alone. Finally Cox sent out a message to Lhatsas?in that they could come to the camp safely and meet with Governor Seymour without fear. It is clear that the warriors believed they were coming to negotiate a peace settlement between two warring nations; it is just as clear that the colonial government saw them merely as criminals. On the appointed day Lhatsas?in and six others arrived at the old HBC Fort Chilcotin, where the soldiers had camped. They were unarmed. Instead of being received as equals, they were immediately seized, handcuffed, and transported to the little settlement of Quesnel on the Fraser River. At the end of September 1864, Chief Justice Matthew Baillie Begbie sentenced the five chiefs to be hanged. Later a sixth chief would be hanged in New Westminster for his role in these events. The death toll was terrible: hundreds of Tsilhqot'in dead from disease, fifteen Europeans killed, and six chiefs hanged. The memory of the events may have faded from the general public view, but it never left the hearts of the Tsilhqot'in people. Source : bclearningnetwork.com/LOR/media/fns12/pdf/Module2/2.2%20A%20Conflict%20or%20War.pdfcinemo
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Post by cinemo on Jan 2, 2016 14:11:18 GMT -5
This is true „Grahame“
Regarding the advent of the Puritans in New England, we should note, that about that time two smallpox epidemics hid the coast, in 1616 an epidemic wiped out 3/4 of the New England Indian population, and about 1633 another epidemic hit the coast. Therefore, the Puritans landed in an area where Indians' ability to resist was greatly weakened.... Tribes in New England among others included the Abenaki, Pawtucket, Massachuset, Narragansett. Pequot, Wampanoag .
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Post by cinemo on Jan 2, 2016 11:25:21 GMT -5
As I wrote above, I disagree with Guenter Lewy's article in many details . For an example, I quote:
„Finally, even if some episodes can be considered genocidal—that is, tending toward genocide—they certainly do not justify condemning an entire society. Guilt is personal, and for good reason the Genocide Convention provides that only"persons" can be charged with the crime, probably even ruling out legal proceedings against governments. No less significant is that a massacre like Sand Creek was undertaken by a local volunteer militia and was not the expression of official U.S. policy. No regular U.S. Army unit was ever implicated in a similar atrocity. In the majority of actions, concludes Robert Utley,"the Army shot noncombatants incidentally and accidentally, not purposefully." As for the larger society, even if some elements in the white population, mainly in the West, at times advocated extermination, no official of the U.S. government ever seriously proposed it. Genocide was never American policy, nor was it the result of policy“.
Excerpt of that qoute : No less significant is that a massacre like Sand Creek was undertaken by a local volunteer militia …. ( false )
The First Colorado Cavalry was an US contingent
Excerpt of that quote : „ ...no official of the U.S. government ever seriously proposed it. Genocide was never American policy, nor was it the result of policy“. ( false )
George Washington described Native Americans as : “wolves and beasts who deserve nothing from the whites but total ruin.”
Thomas Jefferson once wrote, that if the Indians did not cooperate, the policy of the United States would be “to pursue Indians to extermination, or to drive them to new seats beyond our reach.”
Andrew Jackson ( the greatest Indian killer of all US Presidents ) weird American troops „to root out ( Indians ) from their "dens" and kill Indian women and their "whelps" ,adding in his second annual message to Congress that while some people tended to grow "melancholy" over the Indians' being driven by white Americans to their "tomb," an understanding of "true philanthropy reconciles the mind to these vicissitudes as it does to the extinction of one generation to make room for another."
California Governor Peter H. Burnett, January 1851 : “A war of extermination will continue to be waged between the two races until the Indian race becomes extinct.”
Yreka Herald, 1853 :“We hope that the Government will render such aid as will enable the citizens of the north to carry on a war of extermination until the last redskin of these tribes has been killed. Extermination is no longer a question of time–the time has arrived, the work has commenced and let the first man who says treaty or peace be regarded as a traitor.”
cinemo
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Post by cinemo on Dec 31, 2015 5:22:06 GMT -5
Thank you „Grahame“ for that posting.
I agree with you regarding the introduction of smallpox at Fort Clark. In June of 1837, the steamboat St. Peter arrived at Fort Clark which was sixty miles north of present day Bismarck, North Dakota. Knowing there were men aboard the boat with smallpox, F. A. Chardon and others of the American Fur Company tried to keep the Mandans away from the boat, but to no avail. The two Mandan villages were devastated. About thirty Mandans out of a population of sixteen hundred survived the epidemic. The St. Peters continued on to Fort Union arriving there on June 24, 1837.
Assiniboine arrived at the post while the infection was in full force. Infected Assiniboine carried smallpox back to their lodges in Canada. From Fort Union smallpox spread to Fort McKenzie near the junction of the Marias and the Missouri rivers. Basically, the same story was repeated with the Blackfeet. There is no way to know how many Indians of the upper Missouri, the Plains, and Canada were infected with smallpox. Estimates on the number killed range from sixty thousand to one hundred and fifty thousand. The American Fur Company traders can certainly be criticized for the handling of the 1837 smallpox outbreak, but it is hard to believe there was any malicious intent on the part of the fur traders when the fur company’s economic survival depended on the Indian trade.
I disagree with that article by Guenter Lewy . There are many mistakes in that article.
What means genocide ?
The UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide defines genocide as] 'the killing of members of a group.' Or causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group. The third part is deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part. And imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group and forcibly transferring children to another group.
All this happened to the Native Americans
The list of American genocidal policies includes: Mass-execution, Biological warfare, Forced Removal from homelands, Incarceration, Indoctrination of non-indigenous values, forced surgical sterilization of native women, Prevention of religious practices, just to name a few.
Regarding mass – execution, for an example see this short documentary :
Greetings from Germany - cinemo
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Post by cinemo on Dec 29, 2015 13:46:07 GMT -5
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Post by cinemo on Dec 6, 2015 7:23:35 GMT -5
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Post by cinemo on Nov 29, 2015 4:32:08 GMT -5
The Sand Creek Massacre Memorial Efforts are currently underway to construct a permanent memorial to the victims of the Sand Creek Massacre on the Colorado State Capitol grounds. The purpose of the memorial is to honor the victims of the massacre and remind Colorado lawmakers of a dark chapter in Colorado history. We hope this memorial will complement the Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site by raising awareness among the 250,000 annual visitors to the State Capitol. Tribal Representatives from the Northern Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne, and Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes are currently in the process of designing the memorial to be created by Cheyenne and Arapaho artist Harvey Pratt. There is an active fundraising campaign with many ways to participate. remembersandcreek.org/Governor John Hickenlooper talks about the importance of the Sand Creek Massacre in American history and why the Colorado needs a permanent memorial to the event at the state capitol. cinemo
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Post by cinemo on Nov 15, 2015 11:50:10 GMT -5
On May 1, 2016, a group of indigenous peoples, hereditary chiefs and elders will arrive in the city of Paris France where they will take their first steps of a historic pilgrimage towards Rome, Italy, along the ancient Via Francigena Road. The Long March to Rome was born of a series of discussions held between Dr David Close, Dr Sandra Evers and David J. MacKinnon in Vancouver British Columbia during early Spring, 2014. Further discussions and meetings with numerous hereditary chiefs, elders and interveners representing First Nations groups in Canada and the United States led to a growing consensus that a petition should be presented to Pope Francis I, asking that he revoke the two papal bulls Romanus Pontifex (1455) and Inter Caetera (1493) as contrary to modern international law, and as violations of the basic human rights of aboriginal peoples worldwide. These papal bulls are the “blueprints” for the Age of Discovery since they granted explorers the absolute right to: “…invade, search out, capture, vanquish, and subdue all Saracens and pagans whatsoever, and other enemies of Christ wheresoever placed” and to “reduce their persons to perpetual slavery”. Incredibly, neither of the two papal bulls has been officially revoked to this day. While walking along the ancient Via Francigena to Rome, we shall also honour the courage, wisdom and spirit of our ancestors, who for 500 years have kept alive the traditional laws and culture that have governed the ways of indigenous peoples since time immemorial. For further information, Please see that link : longmarchtorome.com/cinemo
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