Hampton Institute

[Dietmar]

Indian boarding schools are a sad and often traumatic, but important part of American Indian history.
I start this new category with some photographs of Indian students at Hampton Normal & Agricultural Institute.

For general information about Hampton please take a look here:

www.twofrog.com/hampton.html


We discussed about two photographs taken at Hampton Institute in another thread some month ago:


from left to right:
Takiseay, Topala, Josephine Waggoner, Nage Wanitu (or Wanica), Wakan Mani - Hunkpapa girls - no date

Another photo from Hampton, which is dated November 1878. It shows three girls at their arrival in Hampton Institute, Virginia.


Carrie Anderson, Annie Dawson and Sarah Walker

Here are two more interesting Hampton photos recently offered at Ebay:


First students at Hampton


St. John Church at Hampton

[winona]

I think the date on the first Hampton photo is 1881. Josephine McCarthy (Waggoner) is still wearing moccasins, so I think it would be just after her arrival from Standing Rock Agency, ND in October 1881.She would be forced to trade her own clothes and wear the uniform and leather shoes.
She was a group of five girls and five boys from Standing Rock brought by Lieut. George LeRoy Brown and Marie Louise McLaughlin, Major McLaughlin's wife. The students in the party were: Baptise Gabe, Louis Agard, Jr.,Frank Black Hawk,(Cetan Sapa) Joseph Archambault (Tiaokasin (Looks Into the Lodge), Takise (White Cow), Wakau-mane, Hehaka_Arilya (Yellow Elk), and Fidelia Waling Medicine and Topala, and Noge Wanichi (Jennie No Ears).
Note: I don't know Baptise Gabe's Lakota name, I have only seen it as "Bacis."
(Source: Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, October 31, 1881; Report to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington DC from S.C. Armstrong, Principal (Samuel Chapman Armstrong)

[grahamew]

I think you can see some of these people in the photo Dietmar posted. I don't have the identification here, but I believe it is supposed to include Arikara, Mandan, Hidatsa and Lakota.

www.digitalhistoryproject.com/2012/06/indian-education-at-hampton-and.html

[Dietmar]

I´ve got these identifications:

back row, left to right: unidentified, Tiscaufuh (Arikara), Sayeda (Mandan), Uhahkeumpa (Dakota/Standing Rock), Ecorrupttaha (Mandan)
seated: unidentified, Arihotchkish (Gros Ventre), Frank Pamani (Sioux/Crow Creek), Ahuka (Arikara)
at front: Henry Karunch (Arikara/Sioux)

These identifications seem to be more accurate:

Group of Indian boys, taken on their arrival at Hampton, Va., November 1878:

Beginning at your left rear row:

Tis-cahf-uh: (Laughing Face); Arickaree
Say-ed-da: (White Breast); Mandan
U-hah-ke-um-pa: (Carries Flying); Blackfeet Sioux
Ka-ru-nach: (Sioux Boy); Arickaree

Second row, left:

Koo-nook-te-wan: (Sharphorn)
Mok-pi-a Ma-ni: (Walking Cloud); Unkpapa Sioux
Pa-ma-ni: (One who hoots when he walks); Unkpapa Sioux
A-hu-ka: (White Wolf); Arickaree

In front:

Ari-hotch-kish: (Long Arm); Gros Ventre




More info about the boys above:

Frank Pamani aka Hoots-While-Walking, Sioux from Crow Creek, age 20, brother of Andrew Fox

Walking Cloud aka Mahpiya Mani, Yanktonai Sioux from Crow Creek

Uhakeumpa aka Carries Flying aka Thomas P. Fly, Sihasapa Sioux from Standing Rock, age 16, later married Sitting Bull´s daughter

Karunach (Henry) aka Sioux Boy, full-blood Arikara, age 17

Sayedda aka White Breast, Mandan, age 18

Tiscaufh aka Laughing Face, Arikara

Ahuka aka White Wolf, Arikara, age 20, son of Chief “Son-of-a-Star"

Arihotchkish aka Long Arm, Gros Ventre/Hidatsa, age 13, son of Chief Hard Horn

Hoonooktewan aka Shooting Bear aka George Sharp Horn, age 19, Arikara, died January 21, 1879.

[Dietmar]

The Hampton students of 1878, "before and after":

[grahamew]

Another Hampton photo:



And...
collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/51/v51i03p082-098.pdf

[Dietmar]

Almost the same group I have posted above, but with two additional unidentified boys:

[Dietmar]

I have not yet found any definite proof, however I think it likely that the boy standing second from left is Kawhat (Bow Legs) aka Thomas Suckley, brother of White Breast, who is standing behind him with hand on Kawhat´s shoulder. he was 12 years old when he entered Hampton Institute.

The boy sitting far left could be Thomas Smith aka No Wa-tesh, a half-blood Hidatsa, age 15.

[Crystal Smith]

Can I see the picture of 15 year old Thomas Smith you’re referring to?

Thank you

[Dietmar]

Crystal,

I don´t have an authentic picture of Thomas Smith. My assumption that it could be him in the group photo is based on the fact that of the students coming from Dakota to Hampton in 1878 he had the right age and is described as a mixed-blood. As I said above, there is no definite proof yet.

[grahamew]

scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3702&context=etd

These drawings were made by young people sent to the Hampton Institute:

www.pafa.org/collection-subject/native-american-drawing?page=1

This Letter from the Secretary of the Interior, 1891, goes through what the Hampton students did when they returned to the reservation: shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/41060/Senate-52-1-Executive-31-Serial-2892.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

[emilylevine]

Thanks for posting those drawings, Graham! Andrew Fox's are particularly striking and bold.

Hampton was obsessive in tracking their students after they returned home. The "Letter" you posted and other sources were of great help when I was working on Witness.

[grahamew]

“Make Haste Slowly”: The Experiences of American Indian Women at Hampton Institute, 1878-1923:
www.se.edu/native-american/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2019/09/Proceedings-2005-Brudvig.pdf

"To Be Examples to Their People" Standing Rock Sioux Students at Hampton Institute, 1878-1923 (Part Two):
www.history.nd.gov/publications/to-be-examples-2.pdf

Training the hand, the head, and the heart : Indian education at Hampton Institute:
collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/51/v51i03p082-098.pdf