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Post by Dietmar on Sept 8, 2009 15:46:47 GMT -5
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Post by kingsleybray on Sept 8, 2009 16:11:59 GMT -5
Like Dietmar I just want to welcome ftpeckpabaksa to the site.
Dietmar posted up the list of chiefs recognized by Gen. Harney in 1856. Incidentally they weren't chosen by Harney. He did tell the various Lakota-Dakota divisions that he wanted each to nominate a head chief plus a council of nine "sub-chiefs". The Upper Yanktonai council then nominated Black Catfish as its head chief, and named Medicine Bear as one of the so called sub chiefs.
There is another Harney document, compiled in the fall of 1855 soon after his arrival at Ft Pierre (after marching overland from Ft Laramie and the Bluewater battle), in which he lists various Lakota bands. It lists Medicine Bear as the chief of one of four Yanktonai bands. He gives Cut Himself as another name or nickname for the chief. I wonder if this could mean that his band was the one identified as Bakihon, Gash Themselves With Knives? (see Dietmar's presentation of the Yanktonai band lists). Harney's report for the Yanktonais reads:
"1st Band of Yanktonais - 'Two Bears' Chief. Their country, from James to Mouse [Souris] Rivers, on the east side of the Missouri River and now [Nov. 1855] near the mouth of 'Long Lake' - about 180 miles from here [Ft Pierre].
2nd Band of Yanktonais - 'Don't Eat Buffalo' ('Nobsedie') Chief. Their country, about the 'Bone Butte' near the head of James River, about 150 miles from here.
3rd Band of Yanktonais - 'Big Head' Chief. Their country, from here to mouth of Mouse River, now about 40 miles below Fort Clarke, on Missouri River, at 'Apple Creek'.
4th Band of Yanktonais - 'Medicine Bear' or 'Cut himself' Chief. Their country, from here to the mouth of Mouse River, on the East Bank of the Missouri - now about 250 miles from here."
I'll post more as I come across it
Kingsley
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Post by lgarcia on Sept 9, 2009 15:34:44 GMT -5
Ojupi is the Indian name of Sweetcorn (Sisseton Dakota)
I don't know if the Sweetcorn name survives today at Sisseton (Lake Traverse). You could check the Census records.
Wasuiciyapi is Ojupi's son. I have seen thename translated as Hail Knocking Together (Wasu= hail, ici= upon ones self; yapi= they have). A little sloppy but you get the idea.
Ojupi was closely related to Standing Buffalo and Waanatan.
Later,
Louie
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Post by Dietmar on Sept 22, 2009 16:59:51 GMT -5
Louie has sent me this excellent information about the Pabaksa:
A MESSAGE FROM GARCIA
The History and Culture of the Spirit Lake Nation
By Louis Garcia © 10/29/01
Message # 4 Who are the Cut-Heads?
The Great Dakota Nation or Seven Councils Fire People (Oceti Sakowin Oyate) are separated into three divisions: The Eastern Dakota, the Middle Nakota, and the Western Lakota. The Middle division is subdivided into the Northern (Upper) and Southern (Lower) Nakota. The Southern group is called the Ihanktonwan (Ihanke=end, tonwan=village) or Those Who Dwell on the End. They live today on the Yankton Reservation in southeastern, South Dakota. The Northern group is called the Ihanktonwanna (Ihanke, tonwan, and Na=little, small) or Little Village on the End (of the camp circle). Although the name of this northern group suggests that they have a small population, exactly the opposite is the fact. These Yanktonai live mostly on the Standing Rock Reservation in the vicinity of Cannonball – Shields, ND. Remnant families also live on the Fort Peck Reservation in Montana, Pipestone and Birdtail Reserves in Canada, as well as the Crow Hill District here at Spirit Lake. It is interesting to note the fact that this Northern division never received a reservation of their own or sold any of their land to the United States Government. The French Gaulized their Indian name to Yanktonai. The Ihanktonwanna are again divided into two groups, 1) the Yanktonai proper, 2) Hunkpatina (hunkpa=word referning to horns, ti=dwell, na=diminutive) or the group that Camps at the Horns (meaning entrance to the camp circle). The Cut-Head sub-division is one of seven bands who belong to the Yanktonai Proper.
The name Cut-Head or Pabaksa (pa=head, ba=sawing motion, ksa=cut) was a new name placed upon this band after the year 1821. This was the date that their leader Red Thunder was killed by the Ojibway under the leadership of Chief Flat Mouth. Red Thunder’s head was cut off and displayed as a trophy. Red Thunder’s son Waanatan (Wa=noun marker, Anatan=to charge) attacked the Ojibwa and retrieved his fathers’ head. The head became the center of a medicine bundle, when a dream instructed Waanatan to do so. Red Thunder would speak to his son through the bundle, directing the band movement towards buffalo or away from enemies. This medicine bundle was probably buried with Suna (Bullets) Wannatan, a grandson of Waanatan II. In 1840 Wannatan was assassinated and the Cut-Heads split into at least three factions, each led by a son. 1) Red Thunder Jr. remained along the Missouri River in the Bismarck area. 2) Hosapa or Catfish traveled up the Missouri to the Poplar Montana area. 3) Waanatan II moved to the home of his mother at Lake Traverse and became a Sisseton Dakota leader.
After the 1862 war, Waanatan II and his Sisseton band settled here on the Spirit Lake Reservation, and lived near the St. Michael Mission. Scarlet Shield (Wahacankaduta DLS # 358, 1813 – 1897) and his Pabaksa band also came to Spirit Lake and settled in the Crow Hill District.
Message 4 Cutheads Page 2
The first census at Spirit Lake was taken in 1876. Agent McLaughlin lists “the following 65 people are of the Cut head band, absent at the present time”.
#256 Sapa (Black) 5 members of his family
#257 Tatedokiya (Where is the Wind ?) 4 members “ “
#258 Zitkaduta (Scarlet Bird) 3 “
#259 Owizeze ( ? ) 2 “
#260 Hapana (second Born Daughter) 4 “
#261 Owakasina (Watching ?) 4 “
#262 Hisica (Bad Tooth) 2 “
#263 Hehakaduzahan (Swift Elk) 7 “
#264 Wapasa (Red Head ?) 12 “
#265 Nerepshe (?) 3 “
#266 Mazahuhatopa (Four Iron Legs) 6 “
#267 Matoistima (Sleeping Bear) 7 “
#268 Matohota (Grey Bear) 6 “
A total of 65 People
The census does not indicate the tribal affiliation of the other 255 families enrolled, but are for the most part members of the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of eastern Dakota.
The following year on July 16, 1877 the census was taken by bands. Band Number 10 is recognized as Cut-heads by their leaders name at the top of the list.
1- Wahacankaduta (Scarlet Shield) 5 members of his family
2- Tawizisa (His Old Red Lodge) 6 “ “ “ “
3- Wicahanapi (?) 5 “ “ “ “
4- Rkicatonna (?) 4 “ “ “ “
5- Hehanwayakapi (?) 6 “ “ “ “
6- Anpetuhotawin (Greyday Woman) 1 member
7- Wamaway_a (?) 7 members of his family
8- Upanhika (Unpan=female elk) 2 “ “ “ “
9- Sunkanaskiya (Crazy Dog?) 2 “ “ “ “
10- Wahainape (?) 3 “ “ “ “
11- Tonwankokipapi (They Fear His Influence) 7 “ “ “ “
12- Isnina (A females’ fathers’ brother) 3 “ “ “ “
13- Hehakawambde (Eagle Elk) 2 “ “ “ “
14- Sunkayuta (Eats Dog) 2 “ “ “ “
The 1877 census reveals 14 families, composed of 14 men, 21 women, 9 boys and 11 girls, making a total of 55 members present at the time.
In 1881 Agent McLaughlin was transferred from Spirit Lake to Standing Rock Reservation. In 1920 Spirit Lake tribal members testified to the Indian Claims Commissioners that all but two men of the Pabaksa band departed Crow Hill for Cannonball in 1881 because they admired Agent McLaughlin.
Message 4 Cutheads Page 3
In the year 1885 Red Shield and his people show up on the Standing Rock Reservation census, but are listed as Lower Yanktonai by mistake.
#181 5 people Wahacanka Duta Red Shield
182 4 Unktomni Ska White Spider
183 2 Skiskita Rough Surface
184 2 Maka Skunk
185 3 Oye Nakbeza Track Hider
186 4 Mato Sapa Black Bear
187 5 Tisnawin Her Rattling Lodge
188 3 Wanbdi Yuha Keeps the Eagle
189 2 Wanbdi Eagle
190 3 Tasunke Ska His White Horse
191 5 Cetan Rota Grey Hawk
192 3 Makata Wakinyan Thunder on the Ground
193 3 Tatanka Icago Mani Bull Walk Marking
194 4 Pe Rdi Sore Head
195 2 Kinyan Wakuwa Hunt Flying
196 3 Akicita Najin Standing Soldier
197 4 Awankasotapi Used Up His Arrows
198 2 Tahan #1 He Traveled Far
199 8 Nagi Wakan Holy Ghost
200 2 Karo Kaddy
201 6 Paiyankana Makes the Hoop Run
202 5 Winona First Born Female
203 1 Mato Ska White Bear
Making at total of 81 members.
The Ihanktonwana Nakota claim ownership of all the land from the Red River to the Missouri River in North Dakota. Other Dakota and Lakota tribes sold technically the millions of acres of land the Yanktonai once owned with the Yanktonai receiving only a few coins in per capita payment. As a Tribe they are the most disenfranchised of all the Seven Council Fire People.
Thank you very much Louie!!
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