Post by ladonna on Jul 30, 2008 8:50:05 GMT -5
AFRAID OF EAGLE Wanbli Kokipapi (c1828-c1903). Hunkpapa: Broken Bear Rib’s band (but with Kill Eagle’s camp at Little Bighorn). Also translated as Eagle Feared.
• Interview with Captain R. E. Johnston, Sept. 18, 1876, contained in: [check Fort Yates, Letters Received]. Published in New York Herald, Sept. 24, 1876; reprinted in: W. A. Graham, The Custer Myth: A Source Book of Custeriana (New York, NY: Bonanza Books, 1953) p. 56; Edward A. Milligan, High Noon on the Greasy Grass: The Story of the Little Bighorn by Indians Who Were There (Bottineau, ND: Bottineau Courant Print, 1972) p. 18.
Brother of the prominent Hunkpapa headman Broken Bear Rib and a member of his band, Afraid of Eagle was among twenty-six lodges that departed the Standing Rock Agency with Kill Eagle in April 1876 to go on a buffalo hunt. They spent the summer with the northern bands and were present at the Little Bighorn. The lodges with Kill Eagle returned to the agency that fall, surrendering their horses and firearms on September 15, 1876. When questioned by military officials, Afraid of Eagle avoided giving any details about the Little Bighorn. “I was with Kill Eagle,” he replied, “and what he tells you is just what I would tell you.”1
In early October 1876, over one hundred Indians left the agency to return to the hostile camp, probably to avoid surrendering their horses and firearms to the Army. The fact that Afraid of Eagle’s name does not appear in the Standing Rock Agency issue record that December suggests that he was part of this exodus that fled north to join Sitting Bull in Canada.2 Afraid of Eagle apparently returned to the U. S. with Rain in the Face’s band who surrendered at Fort Keogh in October 1880. After five months near that military post, the former “hostiles” were transported by steamboat to Fort Yates and then transferred the following month to the adjacent Standing Rock Agency.
In the Sitting Bull Surrender Census for September 1881, Afraid of Eagle is listed in Rain in the Face’s band together with his wife, Bad Tempered (Wipo) whom he had married about 1853. She was later known as Day (Anpetu) and as Mary Afraid of Eagle (c1831-c1902). The family also included two daughters, Two Horses Tašunke Núnpa win (c1862- ? ) and Pretty Pipe Cannunpa Waste win (c1866- ? ) as well as two grandchildren. His son, Two Bulls Tatanka Núnpa (c1856- ? ) and wife were recorded as the next family in the census.3
Soon after arriving at the Standing Rock Agency, Afraid of Eagle and his family left Rain in the Face’s band. Rather than returning to his brother’s camp, however, he joined High Eagle, another of the agency bands. He lived the remainder of his life on North Dakota portion of Standing Rock Agency where he died in late 1902 or early 1903.4
1. Kill Eagle and Afraid of Eagle interviews, 1876.
2. Capt. R. E. Johnston to Smith, Nov. 9, 1876, Fort Yates, Letters Received, NA. Milligan, 1976:80. Standing Rock Agency census, 1877, NA-KC.
3. Sitting Bull Surrender Census, Standing Rock Agency, Sept. 1881, p. 181, NA-KC. The name of Afraid of Eagle’s wife is recorded in Lakota as Wipo, which may be an abbreviation for wip’osyakel meaning “cross, morosely.” Eugene Buechel and Paul Manhart, Lakota Dictionary (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002) p. 380. She had seven children, though only these three are known by name. Two Horses married Little Shield about 1882 and later became known as Monica Little Shield. Pretty Pipe also married Little Shield sometime prior to 1886. Two Bulls was later known as Walter Two Bulls [same individual who left LBH account?; check]
4. Standing Rock Agency annuity list, Dec. 1881, p. 7. Standing Rock Agency census, 1885:265; 1886:277; 1887:253; 1888:243; 1889:200; 1890:230; 1891:219; 1892:199; 1894:2560; 1895:572; 1896:1764; 1897:1164; 1898:1162; 1899:1969; 1900:2946; 1901:2898; 1902:2916. 1900 Federal Census, Standing Rock Reservation, North Dakota (T623 R1234 p. 245A).
• Interview with Captain R. E. Johnston, Sept. 18, 1876, contained in: [check Fort Yates, Letters Received]. Published in New York Herald, Sept. 24, 1876; reprinted in: W. A. Graham, The Custer Myth: A Source Book of Custeriana (New York, NY: Bonanza Books, 1953) p. 56; Edward A. Milligan, High Noon on the Greasy Grass: The Story of the Little Bighorn by Indians Who Were There (Bottineau, ND: Bottineau Courant Print, 1972) p. 18.
Brother of the prominent Hunkpapa headman Broken Bear Rib and a member of his band, Afraid of Eagle was among twenty-six lodges that departed the Standing Rock Agency with Kill Eagle in April 1876 to go on a buffalo hunt. They spent the summer with the northern bands and were present at the Little Bighorn. The lodges with Kill Eagle returned to the agency that fall, surrendering their horses and firearms on September 15, 1876. When questioned by military officials, Afraid of Eagle avoided giving any details about the Little Bighorn. “I was with Kill Eagle,” he replied, “and what he tells you is just what I would tell you.”1
In early October 1876, over one hundred Indians left the agency to return to the hostile camp, probably to avoid surrendering their horses and firearms to the Army. The fact that Afraid of Eagle’s name does not appear in the Standing Rock Agency issue record that December suggests that he was part of this exodus that fled north to join Sitting Bull in Canada.2 Afraid of Eagle apparently returned to the U. S. with Rain in the Face’s band who surrendered at Fort Keogh in October 1880. After five months near that military post, the former “hostiles” were transported by steamboat to Fort Yates and then transferred the following month to the adjacent Standing Rock Agency.
In the Sitting Bull Surrender Census for September 1881, Afraid of Eagle is listed in Rain in the Face’s band together with his wife, Bad Tempered (Wipo) whom he had married about 1853. She was later known as Day (Anpetu) and as Mary Afraid of Eagle (c1831-c1902). The family also included two daughters, Two Horses Tašunke Núnpa win (c1862- ? ) and Pretty Pipe Cannunpa Waste win (c1866- ? ) as well as two grandchildren. His son, Two Bulls Tatanka Núnpa (c1856- ? ) and wife were recorded as the next family in the census.3
Soon after arriving at the Standing Rock Agency, Afraid of Eagle and his family left Rain in the Face’s band. Rather than returning to his brother’s camp, however, he joined High Eagle, another of the agency bands. He lived the remainder of his life on North Dakota portion of Standing Rock Agency where he died in late 1902 or early 1903.4
1. Kill Eagle and Afraid of Eagle interviews, 1876.
2. Capt. R. E. Johnston to Smith, Nov. 9, 1876, Fort Yates, Letters Received, NA. Milligan, 1976:80. Standing Rock Agency census, 1877, NA-KC.
3. Sitting Bull Surrender Census, Standing Rock Agency, Sept. 1881, p. 181, NA-KC. The name of Afraid of Eagle’s wife is recorded in Lakota as Wipo, which may be an abbreviation for wip’osyakel meaning “cross, morosely.” Eugene Buechel and Paul Manhart, Lakota Dictionary (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002) p. 380. She had seven children, though only these three are known by name. Two Horses married Little Shield about 1882 and later became known as Monica Little Shield. Pretty Pipe also married Little Shield sometime prior to 1886. Two Bulls was later known as Walter Two Bulls [same individual who left LBH account?; check]
4. Standing Rock Agency annuity list, Dec. 1881, p. 7. Standing Rock Agency census, 1885:265; 1886:277; 1887:253; 1888:243; 1889:200; 1890:230; 1891:219; 1892:199; 1894:2560; 1895:572; 1896:1764; 1897:1164; 1898:1162; 1899:1969; 1900:2946; 1901:2898; 1902:2916. 1900 Federal Census, Standing Rock Reservation, North Dakota (T623 R1234 p. 245A).