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Post by ladonna on Oct 12, 2012 11:36:07 GMT -5
here is what I found out: Paul Holy Tracks 1885 Chief Eagle that Scares/ Scare the Eagle Wandbi Wanapeya-Eagle That Scares b. 1840 Spouse: TaAnpetu-Her Day b. 1862 Children Daughter: Ayuhetepiwin-Awaiting her b. 1878 Son: Oye Wakan –Holy Tracks b. 1880 d. 1897 Daughter: Wininana-Girl b. 1882 Son: Catka-Left hand b. 1885 Son: Hoksina Boy b. 1888 Cousin: IYamani-Talkwalking b. 1865
1890 Wandbi Wanapeya-Eagle That Scares b. 1840 d. 1890 Spouse: TaAnpetu-Her Day b. 1862 Children Son: Mato Catka-Left Hand Bear b. 1870 Daughter: Ayuhetepiwin-Awaiting her b. 1878 d.1889 Son: Oye Wakan –Holy Tracks b. 1878 d. 1897 Daughter: Wininana Waste –Good Girl b. 1882 Son: Hoksina Boy b. 1888 d. 1889 Mother in law: Matosiuawin-Bear Robes b. 1808 Brother in law: Otagli- Brought Plenty b. 1864 Brother in law: Sunkale-David b. 1870 Cousin: IYamani-Talk walking b. 1865
1891 TaAnpetu-Her Day b. 1862 2nd Spouse: George Siaka b. 1842 Children StepSon: Oye Wakan –Paul Holy Tracks Shiaka b. 1878 d. 1897 Daughter: Bessie Shiaka b. 1881 Son: Clarence Shiaka b. 1884 Daughter: Dora Siaka b. 1890 Mother in law: Matosiuawin-Bear Robes b. 1808
1893 Mato Catka-Left Hand Bear b. 1870 Spouse: Cepa- Beaver b. 186767 Children None Aunt: Winyan b. 1845 Sister: Winyan Waste –Zoe Good Girl b. 1882
This is the group of people who lived under Eagle That Scares or Scare the Eagle; all the people who live under a chief are related to him, so each of these people of 39 lodges are related, this group is Upper Yanktonais or Ihuntonwana people. Chief Eagle that Scares- Wanbdi Wanapeya, Hunkpatina-Lower Yanktonais Chief Eagle that Scares He had 39 lodges and 124 people under his care in the 1885 Standing Rock Ration List. Iya Pejuta (Medicine Word); Mato-Witko-win (Mrs. Fool Bear); Winourcana (Old Woman); Tatanka (Bull); Wahacanka Maza (Iron Shield); Waokihisni (Cannot Keep Up); Nagi Wanica (No Spirit); Tipi Waste win (Pretty House Woman); Caske (First Born Son); Anicapi (To Retain); Kiyena (Near By); Taku Kokipesni (Afraid of Nothing); Nagi Tamaheca (Lean Spirit); Ti Obota (Kill In the Lodge); Cega Qin (Carries the Kettle); Caga (Ice); Iwanke win (Reclining Woman); Wahacanka Duta (Red Shield); Unktomi Ska (White Spider); Skiskita (Rough Surface); Maka (Skunk); Oye Nakbeza (Track Hider); Mato sapa (Black Bear); Ti-Sna-win (Her Rattling Lodge); Wanbdi Yuha (Keeps the Eagle); Wanbdi (Eagle); Tasunke Ska (His White Horse); Cetan Hota (Grey Hawk); Makata Wukiyan (Thunder on the Ground); Tatanka Icago Mani(Bull Walk Marking); Pe Rdi (Sore Head); Kinyan Wakua (Hunt Flying); Akicita Najin (Standing Soldier); Awankasotapi (Used up His Arrows); Tahan I (He Traveled Far); Nagi Wakan (Holy Ghost); Karo (Kaddy); Paiyankana (Makes the Hoop Run); Winona (First Born Female); Mato Ska (White Bear);
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winona
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Post by winona on Oct 17, 2012 22:05:50 GMT -5
Ladonna, Thank you so much for all the research! So Paul Holy Tracks' father was an important chief. When his mother, Her Day married George Siaka, it looked like Paul used both Holy Track and Paul Siaka as a name. In one of the court documents, they refer to Paul Holy Tracks as Scare the Eagle. Would this be his name as well? Or, were they confusing him with his father? I appreciate all the work!
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winona
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Post by winona on Oct 17, 2012 22:12:32 GMT -5
Also, I think that Bear Robes (b 1808), Her Day's mother, died between 1896 and 1897 as she disappears from the Indian Census, is no longer living with Her Day and George Siaka. I could not find her living with other families after that.
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Post by ladonna on Oct 18, 2012 8:49:11 GMT -5
Ladonna, Thank you so much for all the research! So Paul Holy Tracks' father was an important chief. When his mother, Her Day married George Siaka, it looked like Paul used both Holy Track and Paul Siaka as a name. In one of the court documents, they refer to Paul Holy Tracks as Scare the Eagle. Would this be his name as well? Or, were they confusing him with his father? I appreciate all the work! Remember it was the time when our people were ask/demand to take a first and last name; people did not understand how this system worked so i see people trying out names then changing them. So Paul name was Holy Tracks but his father was Eagle that Scares, his Stepfather was Shiaka Then of course we have the mistranslation of names like Eagle that Scares aka Scares the Eagle most of the people did not know if they took the father's name or keep their name or stepfathers name so we see many names for people. At the time of the Spicer's murders Paul had just left the boarding school, where he went by Paul Holy Track his mother was remarried and i believe did not know where he fit anymore. I would agree that Bear Robes died about 1897
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winona
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Post by winona on Oct 18, 2012 13:18:59 GMT -5
Thank you for that explanation. I believe I have seen a Bureau of Indian Affairs document around 1896-7 that went into laborious detail on how the "Christian" or school names were to be used, along with the father's name applied to the family. I imagine that concept was very confusing. Also, Paul Holy Tracks was supposed to be a cousin of George Defender, the fifth suspect. He referred to him as a "near relative." Would this mean an in-law relationship, or actual cousins through the parents?
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Post by ladonna on Oct 18, 2012 15:03:57 GMT -5
Ah relationships, When comes to defining relationship they can be anything from 2nd cousin to 7th cousin being referred as cousins because we dont have that concept. Here is how we define family: The Grandparents (all brothers and Sister are grandparent of all children) so if your a certain age you are called Unci or Lala no matter if you are related or not.
The Mother’s sisters are the Mothers of all the sister's children The Father brother’s are the father of the brother's children The Mother’s brothers are the Uncles of all the children The Father’s sisters are the aunts of all the children
All 1st cousin are brothers and sisters to each other
Everyone is addressed by their relationship like Lala, unci, Cousin sister and Cousin brother
Then if you are not related they will Hunka (adopt)
So to say how a person among us is related goes back to where they are in a relationship. George Defender could be related to paul three generations back to maybe George's great grandma Black Corn.
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Post by ladonna on Oct 18, 2012 15:06:18 GMT -5
Oh before i forget Shiaka or Siaka-means Teal Duck
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winona
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Post by winona on Oct 19, 2012 10:59:08 GMT -5
Thank you for clarifying that. Also, the Lakota for Shiaka, Teal Duck. Speaking of George Shiaka, it sounds as if he was not too sympathetic to Paul Holy Tracks. When Eward Witzleben, the Superintendent of the Indian Schools, and Agnes, his wife, cousin to Mrs. Cramsie, came to tell them of Paul's death, Siaka supposedly told them justice was done. It must of been hard for Her Day to cope with that. The newspapers reported she cut off her finger in mourning, but they were wrong on many things, including, as you pointed out, the suicide of Philip Ireland's mother, which never happened. She became Mary Big Moccasins, by remarrying, as you recounted. Thanks again!
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Post by ladonna on Oct 19, 2012 14:18:49 GMT -5
My grandmother Nape Hota Win-Grey Hand Woman-Mary Many Wounds, Ireland, Big Moccasin lived to an old age of 83 years old. She lived with her son Francis Ireland until she passed away and the stories she told were passed down to us. She claimed her son was innocent until she died
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winona
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Post by winona on Oct 23, 2012 12:45:55 GMT -5
Yes, I would think a mother would believe her son was innocent. Even the prosecuting trial lawyers thought that Philip and Paul were so unlikely to be murderers. They described them as fun-loving and boyish. I could never get much a sense of Philip's personality from the trial. He did not speak much English, so everything was translated, which might have hindered anyone getting to know him in the jail. I got the feeling from notes from the prosecutor that Paul Holy Tracks was the more dominant personality. My own pet theory about the murders is that it was personal with Paul Holy Tracks. He had a difficult relationship with his stepfather, had already gotten into trouble with some forged signatures at the agency store, and had been fired from his blacksmith job. He was trying to buy a mare from Tom Spicer. He had gone away the day before the murders, angry that Spicer wanted $75 for the mare. Spicer had told several people in Winona about the sale, and the anger. Paul had previously visited the Spicers several times and had lunch and coffee with them. Philip had never been there.
I think all the talk about Paul and Philip wanting "to kill some people for some time" was a lot of later bravado.(This was in the trial testimony) I think that Paul, took his rifle to the Spicers, and after drinking a lot, got angry and shot Tom Spicer. The level of violence visited on Tom Spicer, suggests a lot of pent up anger. (The prosecution wanted to suggest all the wounds, and slashes, and pitchfork marks "proved" that 5 men were involved, each with a different instrument.) Paul talks about how Philip could not pull the trigger. Also, another piece that doesn't fit, the theory of all five men's involvement, is that Paul claimed that 21 year old Lillie Spicer Rowse hit Alex Cadotte with a hoe, cutting him. It was Paul who later, actually had the slash on his forehead, covered by his bangs. I think that the reason the entire family was killed, was that they all knew Paul Holy Tracks. My reasoning is that if Black Hawk, Cadotte, and Defender were involved, they could rob the farm, and disappear over the river to Standing Rock, and possibly never be found out. I think the family had to be murdered to protect Paul Holy Tracks. I think, Philip, as his friend, was just along for the robbery, and it got out of hand. I think that all five men planned a robbery, but it was mostly talk. Black Hawk and Cadotte were very frequent visitors to the Winona saloons, and both were distinctive in their mixed race status and good English. George Defender had made fun of Paul Holy Tracks and said he was a coward, and couldn't kill a "cross dog." I think the murders were to show them all up. They mentioned that Black Hawk had not been fair about dividing up the proceeds from the settlers' stolen cattle. The Spicer robbery might have been to show the other three how tough Paul Holy Tracks was... Anyway, just my theory.
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Post by mattstramer on Mar 26, 2014 22:46:42 GMT -5
Hi Everyone, I am sorry to be an interloper but I am from Hazelton ND originally. That town is the successor town to Williamsport ND, the town in which this awful miscarriage of justice occurred. Worse yet, I believe the only thing my grandmother would tell me was that the lynch mob met at my great-grandfather's barn and attempted to convince him to come along. When that failed, they tried to get him to lend a horse and he also refused that but God help me, I think I remember her telling me he may have provided rope. Usually an open personality, my grandmother's face was closed when she told me; she would have been born a year after the event.
My great grandfather's barn has since been razed but the house still stands. Williamsport is gone, and rightfully so. I have lived in California for nearly 30 years and love to read Louise Erdrich. I see the native American struggle in North Dakota so differently than the mindset of the white population today. One has to leave to gain perspective; I wish things were different now.
I have a book written by Dewey Geil, a close friend and contemporary of my grandmother. It holds the account and has pictures. The photo you posted is correct for Holy Track, Defender, and Ireland from what I can see. There are photos which were documented and notated at the time in handwriting. Erdrich's Plague of Doves breaks my heart.
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Post by ladonna on Mar 27, 2014 6:46:24 GMT -5
Hi Matt there was another book just wrote called Murdering indians that talks about the hanging
we go over the many confession and the changes in the confession and who wrote them
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Post by witkola on Apr 12, 2014 16:41:23 GMT -5
"Saswe" is most likely "suswéča". Suswéča is Lakȟóta for "dragonfly".
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winona
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Post by winona on May 8, 2014 9:58:08 GMT -5
Witkola, that is very interesting! Do you think that would be a nickname? Frank Black Hawk's school records have the name written as "Saswe." Of course, I know in the 1880s records, the written language was often varied, just like English, depending on the speller.
LaDonna, I have seen the book, Murdering Indians. It bothers me that it has so many factual errors. Of course, the actual trial transcripts and the confessions have already been published extensively, by the Emmons County Historical Society in the 1980s, and by Glenn McCrory's book: Murder on the Prairie, in which he did an extensive review of all the 1897 newspaper accounts. Beidler, merely repeats all these documents, calling it "A Documentary History of the 1897 Killings." I read in the Murdering Indians book that it was a companion guide, for literary critics to the work of Louise Erdich's Plague of Doves novel, based on the Spicer murders, but highly "fictionalized." The author Peter Beidler,Ph.D.,an Erdich scholar, takes issue with Erdich's assertion, that she didn't borrow heavily from the true Spicer story and Ott Black's book, The End of the Longhorn Trail (1936).
Matt Stramer: the lynch mob supposedly met by the Old Brindle barn. Is that your relatives? Also,the Plague of Doves made Paul Holy Tracks, the real confessed murderer at age 20, into an innocent twelve year old, who was framed, and "murdered" (lynched) by the vengeful settlers. I believe that in using his real name, and changing the facts was highly manipulative, and designed to make the readers believe it was actually a historical fact. I am not condoning the lynching of anyone, but I don't understand why Erdich used a blend of fact and fiction to tell a real story. I wrote her about her facts and her motivation, but she never responded. I guess when you are an award winning author you can be dishonest in your manipulations to try and prove a point. Since probably more people read Louise Erdich, than read North Dakota history, they leave Plague of Doves believing a 12 year old was hung unfairly.
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Post by lgarcia on May 8, 2014 15:27:04 GMT -5
Winuna: Saswe is an Ojibwa / Metis word for a Frenchman.
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