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Post by shan on Sept 27, 2019 9:22:16 GMT -5
kingsleybray,
you mentioned something in one of your pieces about an event I'd never heard of before, { As pressures grew in this region through the middle 1700s, climaxing with a raid by the Red Lake Chippewas about the early 1780s.} I wonder if you could elaborate a bit about the raid and the Red Lake Chippewas in particular.
Thanks Shan
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eric
New Member
Posts: 30
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Post by eric on Mar 10, 2022 9:11:01 GMT -5
According to Wissler the Wiciska was brought by Man Afraid from a northern tribe. Most likely the Crow since 2 of the lances are shown in several ledger drawings as being side by side blue and red double lances as the Crow had. The Wiciska was thus of relatively recent date, possibly adopted during the period you named "Lone horn's peace"
Regaliawise they have straight and crooked otterskin wrapped lances in common with the Elkhorn scrapers but then so did many other plains societies. Wissler also states that the Wiciska was closely related to the Ihoka and sotka yuha which were als credited as having northern tribes origins. What they all have in common is marshals (with or without the notched whips) that govern the dance from horseback and no special body or face paint.
The two bonnets of the Wiciska do not fit with either Elk's, Ihoka or Sotka but are closer to the Cante tinza complex (in my opinion closer related to the Dog/Miwatanni society). The Wiciska, Ihoka and sotka also share songs.
Since we can assume that the adoption was in the 50's, if there is a connection with the Elkhorn scrapers it is probably af an even later than it's adoption.
Young man Afraid was a member of the Elkhorn scrapers so if there is a connection it may be more through this family tie than anything else.
I have read that Man Whose Horses Are Feared joined the Elk Horn Scrapers of the Northern Cheyenne, but this happened in 1865 in the big Powder River camps after Sand Creek, Platte Bridge and Julesburg, before the Southern Cheyenne returned back to the south in early 1866. Apparently this joining of each other's societies did not affect ones membership in another society and was not uncommon. I've since learned all about the Crazy Dogs and the Strong Hearts having a very close affinity and Red Cloud turned in a Crazy Dog warbonnet (headpiece of ermine tails and strips, two antelope pronghorns and a single, centered eagle feather trailer) as proof that Crazy Horse was willing to surrender. Also Roman Nose was a northern Elk and his leading Dog Soldier warparties didn't affect that status. If Man Whose Horses Are Feared brought this, surely it was the older one, but still that seems late for the Oglala to acquire the Wiciska. Where did he say this at? Mike, I didn't check this thread for some time, the information on Tashunka Kokipapi introducing the Wiciska to the Oglala is from Wissler's Societies and ceremonial associations in the Oglala division of the Teton-Dakota, page 34. Where Wissler got the information is not specified, but since J.R. Walker was doing most of the field work on Pine Ridge for him, the information probaly went trough Walker. So the information may have originally come from one of Walker's informants at Pine Ridge. American Horse was one of Walker's instructors, and brother to Tashunka Kokipapi so he might have been instrumenal in sharing that story, but that is just conjecture on my part.
Eric M.
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