Post by naiches2 on Feb 17, 2010 16:20:13 GMT -5
Despite rather satisfactory living conditions, Apaches were strongly depressed by wet and hot climate of the South-East, confined space and inability to work on their own land. In August 1894 Lieutenant Hugh L. Scott and Captain Marion P. Maus had had meeting with Chiricahua leaders to discuss their future. Chihuahua as the senior of the chiefs expressed his desires as follows: "The God created the Earth for all, and I want to have my plot. I want to grow grain and fruit", and pointing out to the thick forest around continued: "I want wind to blow at be as freely as any other of men [Apaches]." Nana supported his idea of farming saying that he is too old to work but he wants the young working in their own fields [7, 362].
After seven years of endless discussions in the U.S. government about the fate of Chiricahuas, the prisoners were transferred to military reservation of Fort Sill, Oklahoma. They settled in several villages headed by respected chiefs who by that time were serving as scouts in the US army. Chihuahua's village was located on a small hill southward of the old post of Fort Sill, not far from villages of Geronimo and his half-brother Perico.
Chief Chihuahua and Chino
The chief was always especially anxious about the fate of his family and worried about his children who happened to be far away from home. During negotiations at Canon de los Embudos he asked General Crook to send his family together with him: “If you don't let me go back to the reservation, I would like you to send my family with me wherever you send me…If they want to come, let them come; if they want to stay there, let them” [7, 261].
Chief Chihuahua and Family
Chihuahua's senior daughter Ramona was among the first Apache children sent from Florida to Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. After several years of study she returned to her relatives and married another alumnus of Carlisle – Aca Daklugie. As far back as in the agitated years of freedom old friends Chihuahua and Juh agreed about marriage of their children, and after many years children fulfilled their parents' wishes and loved each other all their life [2, 73-74].
Ramona and Aca were among main informants of Eve Ball as was one of Chihuahua's sons Eugene (1.06.1881–16.12.1965)18 who was married to Viola (Ziah) Massai, daughter of famous bronco19.
During the years of imprisonment the chief had a deep sense of unease about the Apache children who were forced to go to Indian school in Carlisle20. During the inspection of North Carolina in early January 1890 General Crook visited Apaches in Alabama. In the records of his meetings with chiefs there are such Chihuahua's words: "My daughter and two more close relatives are far away at school. I want to see them soon. Can you do something for me to see them soon?" [7, 347]. An old chief in Oklahoma many times asked the authorities to build a school near the reservation.
18 - In 1887 Chihuahua had three sons and daughter besides Ramona and Eugene (son born in Florida was named Osceola, and the daughter's name was Coquina), but there is no information about their fate (perhaps they died when their father was still alive).
19 - In September 1886 Massai jumped off the train (that was carrying a group of peaceful Chiricahuas from San Carlos to Florida) somewhere in Missouri, got back to New Mexico, stole a Mescalero woman and for several years lived in the mountains refusing to obey the laws of the white man.
20 - During the first years of reservation life, long separation of families when children were sent for study to schools was taken very hard by adults and was the tragedy for adolescents.
Chihuahua died on July 25, 1901. He was buried at the cemetery that got his name. Two wives of the chief died when they lived in Alabama, and the junior wife Ilth-Gazie remarried soon after his death.
Ulzana had two wives (Nah-Zis-Eh, Nahn-Tsh-Klah), two daughters and five sons, only two of whom survived: Richard (who became a Carlisle student in 1894) and Samuel (who was brought up by his relatives, former scout William Coony (or Coonie, Kuni), and his wife Tah-das-te21 (or Dah-te-ste). Ulzana died in reservation of Fort Sill on December 21, 1909 and has been buried on a Chief Chihuahua Apache Cemetery (Comanche County, Oklahoma) next to his brother, wives and children .
21 - Geronimo's relative who from time to time acted as mediator during negotiations. In September 1886 she surrendered to General Miles in Geronimo's group together with her first husband – Geronimo's "half-brother" Ahnandia, who died in Alabama from tuberculosis.
Graves at Chief Chihuahua Apache Cemetery
In April 1913, when the government officially freed Chiricahuas, Chihuahua's and Ulzana's descendants moved to reservation of Mescalero Apaches in New Mexico, where their grandchildren and grand-grandchildren now live.
Chiefs at Mount Vernon
After seven years of endless discussions in the U.S. government about the fate of Chiricahuas, the prisoners were transferred to military reservation of Fort Sill, Oklahoma. They settled in several villages headed by respected chiefs who by that time were serving as scouts in the US army. Chihuahua's village was located on a small hill southward of the old post of Fort Sill, not far from villages of Geronimo and his half-brother Perico.
Chief Chihuahua and Chino
The chief was always especially anxious about the fate of his family and worried about his children who happened to be far away from home. During negotiations at Canon de los Embudos he asked General Crook to send his family together with him: “If you don't let me go back to the reservation, I would like you to send my family with me wherever you send me…If they want to come, let them come; if they want to stay there, let them” [7, 261].
Chief Chihuahua and Family
Chihuahua's senior daughter Ramona was among the first Apache children sent from Florida to Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. After several years of study she returned to her relatives and married another alumnus of Carlisle – Aca Daklugie. As far back as in the agitated years of freedom old friends Chihuahua and Juh agreed about marriage of their children, and after many years children fulfilled their parents' wishes and loved each other all their life [2, 73-74].
Ramona and Aca were among main informants of Eve Ball as was one of Chihuahua's sons Eugene (1.06.1881–16.12.1965)18 who was married to Viola (Ziah) Massai, daughter of famous bronco19.
During the years of imprisonment the chief had a deep sense of unease about the Apache children who were forced to go to Indian school in Carlisle20. During the inspection of North Carolina in early January 1890 General Crook visited Apaches in Alabama. In the records of his meetings with chiefs there are such Chihuahua's words: "My daughter and two more close relatives are far away at school. I want to see them soon. Can you do something for me to see them soon?" [7, 347]. An old chief in Oklahoma many times asked the authorities to build a school near the reservation.
18 - In 1887 Chihuahua had three sons and daughter besides Ramona and Eugene (son born in Florida was named Osceola, and the daughter's name was Coquina), but there is no information about their fate (perhaps they died when their father was still alive).
19 - In September 1886 Massai jumped off the train (that was carrying a group of peaceful Chiricahuas from San Carlos to Florida) somewhere in Missouri, got back to New Mexico, stole a Mescalero woman and for several years lived in the mountains refusing to obey the laws of the white man.
20 - During the first years of reservation life, long separation of families when children were sent for study to schools was taken very hard by adults and was the tragedy for adolescents.
Chihuahua died on July 25, 1901. He was buried at the cemetery that got his name. Two wives of the chief died when they lived in Alabama, and the junior wife Ilth-Gazie remarried soon after his death.
Ulzana had two wives (Nah-Zis-Eh, Nahn-Tsh-Klah), two daughters and five sons, only two of whom survived: Richard (who became a Carlisle student in 1894) and Samuel (who was brought up by his relatives, former scout William Coony (or Coonie, Kuni), and his wife Tah-das-te21 (or Dah-te-ste). Ulzana died in reservation of Fort Sill on December 21, 1909 and has been buried on a Chief Chihuahua Apache Cemetery (Comanche County, Oklahoma) next to his brother, wives and children .
21 - Geronimo's relative who from time to time acted as mediator during negotiations. In September 1886 she surrendered to General Miles in Geronimo's group together with her first husband – Geronimo's "half-brother" Ahnandia, who died in Alabama from tuberculosis.
Graves at Chief Chihuahua Apache Cemetery
In April 1913, when the government officially freed Chiricahuas, Chihuahua's and Ulzana's descendants moved to reservation of Mescalero Apaches in New Mexico, where their grandchildren and grand-grandchildren now live.
Chiefs at Mount Vernon