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Post by ladonna on Jun 21, 2008 9:42:20 GMT -5
The Yanktonai (ihanke 'end,' tonwan 'village,' na diminutive: 'little-end village.'Riggs).
The Yanktonais is one of the 7 primary divisions or subtribes of the Dakota, speaking the same dialect as the Yankton and Santee. It is believed to be the elder tribe of the Yankton.
The first apparent reference to one of the tribes in which the other is not included is that to the Yankton by La Sueur in 1700.
It is not until noticed by Lewis and Clark in 1804 that they reappear. These explorers state that they roved on the headwaters of the Sioux, James, and Red rivers.
The migration from their eastern home, north of Mille Lac, Minn., probably took place at the beginning of the 18th century. It is likely that they followed or accompanied the Teton, while the Yankton turned more and more toward the southwest.
Long (1823) speaks of them as one of the most important of the Dakota tribes, their hunting grounds extending from Red river to the Missouri. Warren (1855) gives as their habitat the country between the James River and the Missouri, extending as far north as Devils Lake, and states that they fought against the United States in the War of 1812, and that their chief at that time went to England.
It does not appear that this tribe took any part in the Minnesota Uprising of 1862. (a side note they did not participate in the Minnesota Uprising but they took in refugee from Minnesota)
In 1865 separate treaties of peace were made with the United States by the Upper and Lower Yanktonai, binding them to use their influence and power to prevent hostilities not only against citizens, but also between the Indian tribes in the region occupied or frequented by them. (side note the Ihunktonwans objected to the treaty)
Subsequently they were gathered on reservations, the Upper Yanktonai and Lower Yanktonais mostly at Standing Rock, also at Devils Lake, North Dakota; the Lower Yanktonai (Hunkpatina) chiefly on Crow Creek reservation, South Dakota, but part at Standing Rock reservation, North Dakota, and some at Fort Peck reservation, Mont.
The first notice of subdivisions is that by Lewis and Clark, who mention the Kiyuksa, Wazikute, Hunkpatina, and the unidentified Hahatonwanna, Honetaparteenwaz, and Zaartar. Hayden (1862) mentions the Hunkpatina, Pabaksa, and Wazikute, and speaks of two other bands, one called the Santee, and probably not Yanktonai.
J. O. Dorsey gives as subdivisions, which he calls gentes, of the Upper Yanktonai: Wazikute, Takini, Shikshichena, Bakihon, Kiyuksa, Pabaksa, and another whose name was not ascertained. His subdivisions of the Hunkpatina are Putetemini, Shungikcheka, Takhuhayuta, Sanona, Ihasha, Iteghu, and Pteyuteshni.
English translations of names of hands of Yanktonai of which little else is known are `The band that wishes the life' and The few that lived.'
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Post by ephriam on Nov 26, 2008 0:24:34 GMT -5
There is an excellent article on the Yanktonai in the latest issue of The Western Historical Quarterly (vol. 34 no. 4 Winter 2008):
Robert W. Galler, Jr., "Sustaining the Sioux Confederations: Yanktonai Initiatives and Influence on the Northern Plains, 1680-1880," pp. 467-490.
Well done!
ephriam
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Post by emilylevine on May 16, 2009 10:18:28 GMT -5
Galler has another article published on the Yanktonai last year: "Making Common Cause: Yanktonais and Catholic Missionaries on the Northern Plains," in Ethnohistory, 2008, 55 (3) 439-464. I'm working on Mad Bear and came across it. Trying to figure out why Waggoner identifies him as "Hunkpatina band of the UPPER Yanktonais" (not lower). Maybe just a slip...
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Post by Dietmar on Sept 6, 2009 16:01:51 GMT -5
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Post by Dietmar on Sept 8, 2009 15:52:24 GMT -5
I have compiled some information about Yanktonai bands and leaders in addition to LaDonna´s post above. Perhaps we can discuss further some open questions: First, the Yanktonai bands according to Dorsey, Woolworth, Howard and others: Yanktonai (Upper Yanktonai):1. Wazi-kute: „Shooters-among-the-pines“ (Assiniboines splitted off from this band) Shoots-the-Tiger, Afraid of Man, Catches the Enemy, Heart2. Takini: “Improved-in-condition” (as a lean animal) Calumet Man, Afraid of Man, Long Fox, Eagle Dog, Standing Bellow3. Cikcitcena(Siksicena): “Bad ones of different sorts” 4. Bakihon: “Gash themselves with knifes” 5. Kiyuksa: “Breaker of the law or custom” 6. Pabaksa: “Cut heads” Red Thunder (died 1823), Waneta (died 1840), Waanatan, Catfish (aka Black Catfish), Big Head (died before 1869), Big Head Jr., Medicine Bear, Black Tiger, Thunder Bull, His Road to Travel, All Over Black, Packs the Eagle, Many Horns7. (Name forgotten) Hunkpatina (Lower Yanktonai):1. Pute-temini: “Sweat lips” Drifting Goose2. Cuniktceka: “Common dogs” 3. Takhuha Yuta: “Eaters of hide scrapings” 4. Sanona: “Shoots at some white object” 5. Ihasa: “Red lips” 6. Itegu: “Burnt faces” Two Bears, Mad Bear7. Pteyutecni: “Eat no buffalo cows” Big Track from Crow Hill District was chief. (Ross & Haines 1973)(see: www.ndstudies.org/resources/IndianStudies/spiritlake/historical_migration.html)other important chiefs: Don´t Eat Buffalo (was he the leader of the Pteyutecni?) , Wizi, Bone Necklace, Black Eye, Little SoldierGeneral Harney listed in 1856 four principal chiefs of the Yanktonais: Two Bears
Don´t Eat Buffalo
Big Head
Medicine BearFurthermore, Harney met at Fort Pierre with two bands of Yanktonai: 1st band: Two Bears, chief of the “Honepatela Yanctonnais”
Bone Necklace, 2nd chief of the “Honepatela Yanktonnais”
Two Bears named his soldiers (headmen) as:
Bone Necklace, The Man who killed the Mandan Chief, the White Bear, the Mad Bear, the Man that has the arrow broke in him, the Buck, the One that runs the Bear, the One that´s full of Lice, the Little Soldier
2nd band:
Black Catfish, chief of the “Band that wishes the life” Yanctonnais [clearly Cutheads]
Black Catfish named his soldiers (headmen) as:
The Fool Heart, the Red Bull, the One that Paints Himself Red, the Soldier, the Medicine Bear, the Yellow Robe or the Nest that Wears a Face, the One Who has his Lodge inside of the Ring, the Buck Elk who wears the Medicine Face, the One that runs close by
These are the Yanktonai signers of the
TREATY WITH THE SIOUX—UPPER YANKTONAI BAND, 1865, Fort Sully:
Chief: Big Head, Na-su-la-tan-ka
Soldier: Big Hand, Na-pa-tan-ka
Soldier: Left-handed Bear, Ma-to-chat-ka
Soldier: The Fine Dressed Man, Wa-ich-co-ya-ka
The Man Covered with Lice, Ha-o-poo-za
Little Soldier, A-kich-it-a-chi-ki-la
The Spread Horn, Ha-ka-ti-na
Black Tiger, Ego-mo-sa-pa
The Man Afraid of his War-club, Cham-pi-co-qui-pa
The Big Shaved Head, Cosh-la-ton-ca.
Lazy Bear, Ma-to-chick-pa-ne
The Man.
Rock Man, Ton-ka-wi-cha-sa
Chief: Black Catfish, O-wa-sa-pa
Chief: The Curley-headed Goose, Ma-ga-bo-ma-do
TREATY WITH THE SIOUX—YANKTONAI BAND, 1865
Chiefs:
Ah-ke-tche-tah-hon-skah, The Tall Soldier, his x mark.
Mah-to-che-kah, The Little Bear, his x mark.
Muzzah-e-nom-pah, The Iron that Comes Out, his x mark.
Wak-ke-an-skah, The White Thunder, his x mark.
Chief Soldiers:
Mah-to-nom-pah, The Two Bears, his x mark.
Cha-tan-me-ne-o-me-nee, The Whirling Heart, his x mark.
These are the Yanktonai who signed the Fort Laramie Treaty in 1868:
Mah-to-non-pah, Two Bears
Ma-to-hna-skin-ya, Mad Bear
He-o-pu-za, Louzy
Ah-ke-che-tah-che-ca-dan, Little Soldier
Mah-to-e-tan-chan, Chief Bear
Cu-wi-h-win, Rotten Stomach
Skun-ka-we-tko, Fool Dog
Ish-ta-sap-pah, Black Eye
Ih-tan-chan, The Chief
I-a-wi-ca-ka, The one who Tells the Truth
Ah-ke-che-tah, The Soldier
Ta-shi-na-gi, Yellow Robe
Nah-pe-ton-ka, Big Hand
Chan-tee-we-kto, Fool Heart
Hoh-gan-sah-pa, Black Catfish
Mah-to-wah-kan, Medicine Bear
Shun-ka-kan-sha, Red Horse
Wan-rode, The Eagle
Can-hpi-sa-pa, Black Tomahawk
War-he-le-re, Yellow Eagle
Cha-ton-che-ca, Small Hawk, or Long Fare
Shu-ger-mon-e-too-ha-ska, Tall Wolf
Ma-to-u-tah-kah, Sitting Bear
Hi-ha-cah-ge-na-skene, Mad Elk
Finally, Yanktonai bands settled on different reservations in South Dakota and Montana:
Devils/Spirit Lake:
Catfish (aka Black Catfish), Scarlet Shield
Fort Peck:
Medicine Bear, Afraid of Bear, Black Eye
Standing Rock:
Two Bears (at Cannonball), Mad Bear, Big Head
Crow Creek:
Bone Necklace, White Ghost, Running Bear, Wizi
Please add or correct anything you can.
Thank you!
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Post by kingsleybray on Sept 8, 2009 16:48:35 GMT -5
Dietmar, the last five names on the Yanktonai 1868 treaty signatory list (Yellow Eagle to Mad Elk) are actually Oglalas, who signed at Ft Laramie in the week or so after the main Oglala signing (May 25,1868). They have been included in the Yanktonai run, as printed first by Kappler, by some clerical error. The Yanktonai, Hunkpapa, Sihasapa, Sans Arc and Two Kettles actually signed the "Ft Laramie Treaty" at Ft Rice, North Dakota.
Kingsley
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Post by Dietmar on Sept 9, 2009 13:39:14 GMT -5
Thanks for the corrections, Kingsley.
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Post by lgarcia on Sept 9, 2009 15:49:19 GMT -5
Waanatan II (1825 - 1897) lived here at Spirit Lake. He was not a Pabaksa but a Sissitunwan; he went with his mothers people.
The tradition here says the three sons of Waantan I (1795-1840)
Waanatan II, Hogansapa (catfish) and Wakinyanduta (Scarlet Thunder) split up each taking a faction.
Catfish was at Ft. Peck and Red Thunder was at Ft. Peck, if I have my facts straight.
The Pabaksa learder here at Spirit Lake was Wahacankaduta (Scarlet Shield) he was the father of the infamous Brave Bear.
Later,
Louie
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Post by Dietmar on Sept 10, 2009 8:30:34 GMT -5
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Post by kingsleybray on Sept 10, 2009 8:42:20 GMT -5
Louis
Were the three sons of Waanatan I born to different wives? Do we know who these wives were?
Many thanks
Kingsley
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Post by grahamew on Sept 11, 2009 1:25:27 GMT -5
The photo of Brave Bear - if indeed it is the same man - shows someone who looks quite young in the mid 80s (in the case of the Barry photo) or late 70s (?) in the case of the one usually credited to Goff - and I'm not sure it's the same man in both photos!
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Post by lgarcia on Oct 22, 2009 16:34:33 GMT -5
Ft.PeckPabaksa:
We had a man here name Igmusapa, but I think he was a Sisseton. There is Black Tiger Bay named after him in Devils Lake.
As to Padaniapapi Hoksina (also Sunkanumpa) find information on the 1873 Canadian Boundry (49th Parallel) as they took photos of these men and their camp. A Canadian officer also painted them.
If you eamil me at Louis_Garcia@littlehoop.edu I can send you copies of the painting.
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Post by ladonna on Dec 30, 2009 11:52:27 GMT -5
This is what i know
My family call ourselves Ihunktonwana-Little End Dwellers
From my families history of who we are it was always said we come from the "Burnt Wood" band on my great great NapeHotaWin side.
I never seen anyone who ever posted anything about the band before.
We are also called Wiciyelo which translate-
"They want sometime".
Hunkpatina-They live at the end village
Lower Yanktonais
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Post by wahpekute on Apr 26, 2010 20:00:46 GMT -5
my mom's mom's dad's mom was White Ghost sister according to probates, her name was tatiyopadutawin. white ghost band was the sunkikceka (sunk-dog, ikce-common) as we had a lot of dogs in our band, still do. an elder said sunkikceka means bay horse or something to that.
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Post by kingsleybray on Apr 27, 2010 10:45:46 GMT -5
Thankyou wahpekute for this information. Bone Necklace was the father of White Ghost, and so was of the Sunkikceka band also. Do you know what bands some of the other leaders at Crow Creek belonged to? Some of the important leaders in the 1860s to 80s were Wizi, Don't Know How, White Bear.
Kingsley
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